{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:42:49Z","timestamp":1758818569631,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica (ANPCYT)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PICT 2013-2201","PICT 2014-1544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2013-2201","PICT 2014-1544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Secretaria de Ciencia y T\u00e9cnica de la Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (Secyt-UNC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> urogenital infections are the leading cause of sexually transmitted bacterial infections. Although the prevalence of chlamydial infection is similar in men and women, current research is mainly focused on women, neglecting the study of male genital tract infections. We, therefore, investigated <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> infection in the rodent male genital tract.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male NOD and C57BL\/6 mice were inoculated in the meatus urethra with <jats:italic>C. muridarum<\/jats:italic>. Bacterial DNA, leukocyte infiltration of male genital tract tissues, pelvic pain, and <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific immune responses were analyzed at different time points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inoculation of <jats:italic>C. muridarum<\/jats:italic> in the meatus urethra of male mice resulted in an ascending and widely disseminated infection of the male genital tract. <jats:italic>C. muridarum<\/jats:italic> remained longer and with the highest bacterial burdens in the prostate, thus showing a special tropism for this organ. Infection caused leukocyte infiltration, mainly composed by neutrophils, and also induced early pelvic pain development that rapidly dropped and resolved as the infection became chronic. Bacterial load and leukocyte infiltration was observed in all prostate lobes, although dorsolateral prostate was the most affected lobe. Interestingly, immune responses induced by both mice strains were characterized by the production of high levels of IL\u201010 during early stages of the infection, with highest and sustained levels observed in NOD mice, which showed to be less efficient in clearing the infection. Chronic infection of the prostate accompanied by local inflammation and pelvic pain development described herein have important implications for the improvement of the diagnosis and for the design of new efficient therapies. <jats:italic>Prostate 77:517\u2013529, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T05:58:56Z","timestamp":1484632736000},"page":"517-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chronic Infection of the Prostate by <i>Chlamydia muridarum<\/i> Is Accompanied by Local Inflammation and Pelvic Pain Development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Leonardo R.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)\u2010CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Breser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)\u2010CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria J.","family":"Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)\u2010CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florencia C.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)\u2010CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan P.","family":"Mackern\u2010Oberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina y Biolog\u00eda Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU\u2010CCT Mendoza, CONICET) Mendoza Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Cuffini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J. 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Vanella\u201d Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben D.","family":"Motrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)\u2010CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia E.","family":"Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda (CIBICI)\u2010CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.546365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70161-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05466.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00534"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2009.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00105-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2015.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.7.4210-4216.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00637.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.04.086"},{"issue":"111","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"e53984","article-title":"Murine prostate micro\u2010dissection and surgical castration","author":"Valkenburg KC","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202482"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.067835"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08830180305229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200007000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.12.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.124180"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 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