{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:51:21Z","timestamp":1789847481192,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)"},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)","award":["15K19049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K19049"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research","award":["15K15582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K15582"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)","award":["15K08343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K08343"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic prostatic inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)\u2010associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Previous studies evaluated the degree of chronic prostatic inflammation based on histological scores, which may contain subjective factors. We previously demonstrated that the number of high endothelial venule (HEV)\u2010like vessels correlates positively with the magnitude of inflammation in chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. Here, we evaluated the degree of BPH\u2010associated chronic prostate inflammation based on appearance of HEV\u2010like vessels and determined whether the extent of inflammation correlated with LUTS severity, as evaluated by a urodynamic study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010six BPH tissue specimens derived from patients who had undergone urodynamic analysis were immunostained for CD34 and MECA\u201079 to determine HEV\u2010like vessel number. Triple immunohistochemistry for either CD3 and CD20 or CD4 and CD8, together with MECA\u201079, was conducted to identify lymphocyte subsets associated with HEV\u2010like vessels. We also determined whether the magnitude of chronic prostatic inflammation, as assessed by HEV\u2010like vessel number, correlated with the degree of LUTS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>HEV\u2010like vessels were induced in lymphoid aggregates seen frequently in BPH. The number of HEV\u2010like vessels positively correlated not only with the magnitude of chronic prostatic inflammation but also with the degree of LUTS, particularly with symptoms associated with voiding function, which was measured objectively in a pressure flow study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic prostate inflammation may promote BPH and resulting voiding dysfunction. Assessment of the number of HEV\u2010like vessels could be a surrogate for identifying the degree of chronic prostatic inflammation. <jats:italic>Prostate 77:794\u2013802, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T12:32:46Z","timestamp":1486643566000},"page":"794-802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Appearance of High Endothelial Venule\u2010Like Vessels in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is Associated With Lower Urinary tract Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"So","family":"Inamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomochika","family":"Shinagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Pathology University of Fukui 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