{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:08:48Z","timestamp":1761808128132,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,12]],"date-time":"2017-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":72,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA006973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA006973"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate mechanisms underlying our previous observation of a large rise in serum prostate\u2010specific antigen, a marker of prostate pathology, during both sexually transmitted and systemic infections, we measured serum high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, in our previous case\u2010control study of young, male US military members and compared our findings to those for PSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured hsCRP before and during infection for 299 chlamydia, 112 gonorrhea, and 59 non\u2010chlamydial, non\u2010gonococcal urethritis (NCNGU) cases; before and after infection for 55 infectious mononucleosis (IM) and 90 other systemic\/non\u2010genitourinary cases; and for 220\u2010256 controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only gonorrhea cases were significantly more likely to have a large hsCRP rise (\u22651.40\u2009mg\/L or \u2265239%) during infection than controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). However, gonorrhea, IM, and other systemic\/non\u2010genitourinary cases were more likely to have a rise of any magnitude up to one year post\u2010diagnosis than controls (p\u2009=\u20090.038\u20100.077).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings, which differ from those for PSA, suggest distinct mechanisms of elevation for hsCRP and PSA, and support both direct (eg, prostate infection) and indirect (eg, systemic inflammation\u2010mediated prostate cell damage) mechanisms for PSA elevation. Future studies should explore our PSA findings further for their relevance to both prostate cancer screening and risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T10:25:09Z","timestamp":1499941509000},"page":"1325-1334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Insight into infection\u2010mediated prostate damage: Contrasting patterns of C\u2010reactive protein and prostate\u2010specific antigen levels during infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Milbrandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke C.","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"},{"name":"Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Remington L.","family":"Nevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ratna","family":"Pakpahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Bradwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo M.","family":"De Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra J.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A.","family":"Gaydos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Rifai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori J.","family":"Sokoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Zenilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Platz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4613-8107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siobhan","family":"Sutcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"},{"name":"Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.10.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65517-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"378","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of gonorrhea and cancer of the prostate gland","volume":"42","author":"Heshmat MY","year":"1973","journal-title":"Med Ann Dist Columbia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(75)90627-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197108)28:2<344::AID-CNCR2820280214>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00892-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29966"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318921"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.12.1900"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/168.2.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Army Medical Surveillance Activity. 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