{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T08:03:03Z","timestamp":1783065783964,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]],"date-time":"2017-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort studies of circulating sex steroid hormones and prostate cancer risk have not provided a consistent association, despite evidence from animal and clinical studies. However, studies using male pattern baldness as a proxy of early\u2010life or cumulative androgen exposure have reported significant associations with aggressive and fatal prostate cancer risk. Given that androgens underlie the development of patterned hair loss and chest hair, we assessed whether these two dermatological characteristics were associated with circulating and intraprostatic concentrations of sex steroid hormones among men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 248 prostate cancer patients from the NCI Prostate Tissue Study, who answered surveys and provided a pre\u2010treatment blood sample as well as fresh frozen adjacent normal prostate tissue. Male pattern baldness and chest hair density were assessed by trained nurses before surgery. General linear models estimated geometric means and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of each hormone variable by dermatological phenotype with adjustment for potential confounding variables. Subgroup analyses were performed by Gleason score (&lt;7 vs \u22657) and race (European American vs. African American).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found strong positive associations of balding status with serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol, and sex hormone\u2010binding globulin (SHBG), and a weak association with elevated intraprostatic testosterone. Conversely, neither circulating nor intraprostatic sex hormones were statistically significantly associated with chest hair density. Age\u2010adjusted correlation between binary balding status and three\u2010level chest hair density was weak (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05). There was little evidence to suggest that Gleason score or race modified these associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides evidence that balding status assessed at a mean age of 60 years may serve as a clinical marker for circulating sex hormone concentrations. The weak\u2010to\u2010null associations between balding status and intraprostatic sex hormones reaffirm differences in organ\u2010specific sex hormone metabolism, implying that other sex steroid hormone\u2010related factors (eg, androgen receptor) play important roles in organ\u2010specific androgenic actions, and that other overlapping pathways may be involved in associations between the two complex conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T03:42:43Z","timestamp":1507002163000},"page":"1573-1582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Circulating and intraprostatic sex steroid hormonal profiles in relation to male pattern baldness and chest hair density among men diagnosed with localized prostate cancers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4814-4305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy Ke","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank Z.","family":"Stanczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Endocrine Research Laboratory Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhannad","family":"Hafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics George Washington University Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela C.","family":"Veneroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics George Washington University Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barlow","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctors Community Hospital Goddard Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roni T.","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Niwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat\u00ae Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Emanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctors Community Hospital Goddard Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Tang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Shanghai Cancer Institute\/Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George P.","family":"Hemstreet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Omaha Veterans Administration Medical Center Omaha Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ladan","family":"Zolfghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics George Washington University Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Manyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University Washington District of Columbia"},{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabell A.","family":"Sesterhenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Pathology Joint Pathology Center Silver Spring Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul H.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Nebraska Omaha Omaha Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann W.","family":"Hsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research and Policy Stanford Prevention Research Center\/Cancer Institute Stanford University Stanford California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda 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