{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T21:31:49Z","timestamp":1783805509046,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urologic disease in older men. Prostatic inflammation research has focused on the magnitude of inflammation; its location has received little attention. We investigated whether the anatomic location of prostatic inflammation is related to the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), measured subjectively and objectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed hematoxylin+eosin\u2010stained tissue specimens from 179 BPH patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Chronic prostatic inflammation was assessed by the grade (lymphocyte density), extent (lymphocyte distribution), and location of inflammation. Each inflammation\u2010finding type was evaluated in relation to these clinical parameters: age, prostate volume, prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA) value, body mass index (BMI), the frequency of acute urinary retention (AUR) episodes, the international prostatic symptom score (IPSS), and urodynamic study results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The magnitude and extent of inflammation were not associated with any clinical parameters. We classified the BPH patients into stromal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200972) versus non\u2010stromal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009105) groups based on their inflammation's dominant location. The stromal group's prostatic volume was significantly larger than the non\u2010stromal group's (63.8 vs 53.8\u2009mL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032). AUR episodes were more significantly frequent in the stromal group (36.1% vs 11.4%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006). Between\u2010group differences in storage parameters (ie, maximum cystometric capacity) in the urodynamic study were not significantly different. Voiding parameters differed significantly between the stromal and non\u2010stromal groups: maximum detrusor pressure (maxPdet) (116.8 vs 94.5 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014), Pdet at the maximum flow rate (Qmax) (95.8 vs 75.4 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014), and the bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) (78.5 vs 56.3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014). The stromal group's Qmax was significantly lower than the non\u2010stromal group's (7.3 vs 9.8\u2009mL\/s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The location of inflammation in the prostate might be an important factor affecting the severity of LUTS, especially voiding dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T12:22:54Z","timestamp":1522671774000},"page":"743-752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prostatic stromal inflammation is associated with bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1261-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"So","family":"Inamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"},{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomochika","family":"Shinagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"},{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manami","family":"Tsutsumiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"},{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minekatsu","family":"Taga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"},{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7607-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motohiro","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Eiheiji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.21027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"NC01","article-title":"Experience with uroflowmetry in evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"8","author":"Singla S","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prostatic inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia\u2014the third component","volume":"1","author":"Nickel JC","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can J 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