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Dogs develop prostate\u2010related urinary dysfunction similar to humans, but mechanisms are also unknown. Mice have been used to examine how prostatic collagen accumulation affects voiding but whether mouse prostatic collagen organization resembles human or dog has not been evaluated. Here, we have constructed the first comprehensive, comparative maps of collagen architecture in canine, human, and mouse prostate and test whether canine prostatic collagen content is increased by aging and reduced by castration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complete transverse prostate sections were stained with picrosirius red and imaged with confocal microscopy to reveal and compare collagen architecture across species. Canine prostatic collagen fiber length, diameter, and density in prostatic urethral, periurethral, peripheral, and capsular regions were quantified and compared among four experimental groups: young intact, young neutered, old intact, and old neutered dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surprisingly, the majority of collagen was localized to the prostatic urethra in canine, human, and mouse. In canine and human, capsular regions also featured a dense collagen network but it appeared less dense than around prostatic urethra. Older, intact male canines exhibited overall denser prostate collagen fibers and had thicker capsular fibers than young, intact males. Prostatic glandular regions undergo dramatic atrophy and regression following castration, and our finding of neutered animals having increased collagen fiber density in both periurethral and peripheral regions is consistent with glandular contraction and increased proportion of stroma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collagen architecture in dog appears similar to that in humans when cross sections are compared side\u2010by\u2010side. Canine collagen organization is affected by both age and androgen status, suggesting these factors may contribute to collagen accumulation in some males.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T04:26:08Z","timestamp":1525839968000},"page":"839-848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prostatic collagen architecture in neutered and intact canines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6263-6221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Ruetten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"George M. O'Brien Benign Urology Center University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1309-0060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle A.","family":"Wegner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George M. O'Brien Benign Urology Center University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology &amp; Biomedical Engineering and Nephrology &amp; Hypertension, George M. O'Brien Urology Research Center Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Marker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George M. O'Brien Benign Urology Center University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0746-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Strand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Colopy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7058-5399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chad M.","family":"Vezina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"George M. 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