{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:15:30Z","timestamp":1762542930968,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LO1302","LM20150400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LO1302","LM20150400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prostate\u2010specific membrane antigen (PSMA), also known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), is an important diagnostic and therapeutic target in prostate cancer. PSMA\/GCPII is also expressed in many healthy tissues, but its function has only been established in the brain and small intestine. Several research groups have attempted to produce PSMA\/GCPII\u2010deficient mice to study the physiological role of PSMA\/GCPII in detail. The outcomes of these studies differ dramatically, ranging from embryonic lethality to production of viable PSMA\/GCPII\u2010deficient mice without any obvious phenotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We produced PSMA\/GCPII\u2010deficient mice (hereafter also referred as Folh1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice) by TALEN\u2010mediated mutagenesis on a C57BL\/6NCrl background. Using Western blot and an enzyme activity assay, we confirmed the absence of PSMA\/GCPII in our Folh1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. We performed anatomical and histopathological examination of selected tissues with a focus on urogenital system. We also examined the PSMA\/GCPII expression profile within the mouse urogenital system using an enzyme activity assay and confirmed the presence of PSMA\/GCPII in selected tissues by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our Folh1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice are viable, breed normally, and do not show any obvious phenotype. Nevertheless, aged Folh1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice of 69\u201072 weeks exhibit seminal vesicle dilation, which is caused by accumulation of luminal fluid. This phenotype was also observed in Folh1<jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice; the overall difference between our three cohorts (Folh1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>, Folh1<jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>, and Folh1<jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup>) was highly significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.002). Of all studied tissues of the mouse urogenital system, only the epididymis appeared to have a physiologically relevant level of PSMA\/GCPII expression. Additional experiments demonstrated that PSMA\/GCPII is also present in the human epididymis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we provide the first evidence characterizing the reproductive tissue phenotype of PSMA\/GCPII\u2010deficient mice. These findings will help lay the groundwork for future studies to reveal PSMA\/GCPII function in human reproduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T04:28:31Z","timestamp":1536208111000},"page":"126-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A novel PSMA\/GCPII\u2010deficient mouse model shows enlarged seminal vesicles upon aging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Barbora","family":"Vorlov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Czech Republic"},{"name":"First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague 2 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franti\u0161ek","family":"Sedl\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of 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