{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:44:29Z","timestamp":1788223469180,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK094898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK094898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK108127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK108127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a complex disorder that affects a large proportion of all men. A limited understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis is reflected by the absence of effective therapies. Although CPPS is deemed clinically non\u2010infectious with no well\u2010defined etiological role for microbes, bacteria is readily isolated from both healthy and patient prostate secretion and urine samples. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that a specific gram\u2010negative bacterial isolate can induce CPPS\u2010like symptoms in mice. Here we aimed to expand on these findings examining the role of gram\u2010positive patient\u2010derived bacteria in CPPS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis of bacterial cultures from CPPS patients from a single center was performed. Gram\u2010positive bacteria were isolated from the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) of three CPPS\u2010patients (pain inducers, PI) and one from a healthy volunteer (non\u2010pain inducer, NPI). These bacteria were inoculated intra\u2010urethrally in two mouse backgrounds and analyzed for their ability to induce tactile allodynia, voiding dysfunction, and colonize the murine prostate. Host immune responses to bacterial instillation were analyzed by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>PI strains (<jats:italic>Staphylococcus haemolyticus 2551<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis 427<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis 7244)<\/jats:italic> induced and maintained tactile allodynia responses (200% increase above baseline) for 28 days in NOD\/ShiLtJ mice. Conversely the healthy subject derived strain (<jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis NPI)<\/jats:italic> demonstrated no significant pelvic allodynia induction. Intra\u2010urethral inoculation of the four bacterial strains into C57BL\/6 mice did not induce significant increases in pain responses. Infected NOD\/ShiLtJ displayed significant voiding dysfunction compared to their control counterparts. Colony counts of prostate tissues from both NOD\/ShiLtJ and C57BL\/6 mice at day 28 demonstrated that bacterial strains colonized equally well, including NPI. We also determined that mechanistically, the patient\u2010isolates induced prostate inflammation specifically involving T\u2010cells and monocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gram\u2010positive isolates from CPPS patients showed enhanced ability to induce tactile allodynia compared to a single taxonomically similar gram\u2010positive strain isolated from a healthy control. Responses were shown to be dependent on host genetic background and not on colonization differences between strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]],"date-time":"2018-09-22T12:40:54Z","timestamp":1537620054000},"page":"160-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Role of gram\u2010positive bacteria in chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan F.","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Schaeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Thumbikat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63564-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.11.1231"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.3.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65041-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.10218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000082252.49374.e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)60033-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00565-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37247-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.11.081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2009.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.04.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00658-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00910-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000944"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00498-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00836.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00275-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.02.002"}],"container-title":["The 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