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Human <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic> expression in the mouse prostate elicited acute and chronic inflammation. Penetrance and expressivity were variable and tunable by altering transgene dosage and the presence of an exogenous inducible marker antigen (green fluorescent protein). Inflammation was characterized by infiltration of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, demonstrating an adaptive immune response. Chronic inflammation persisted after doxycycline (Dox) withdrawal. Reactive epithelia increased expression of downstream cytokines, and altered glandular architecture was observed upon sustained induction of <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic>. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a higher proliferative index and decreased Nkx3.1 expression in inflamed mouse prostates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data implicate IL\u20101\u03b2 in human prostate pathology and this model provides a versatile platform to interrogate molecular mechanisms of inflammation\u2010associated prostate pathologies associated with episodic or sustained IL\u20101\u03b2 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T07:24:15Z","timestamp":1553239455000},"page":"732-745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Consequences of interleukin 1\u03b2\u2010triggered chronic inflammation in the mouse prostate gland: Altered architecture associated with prolonged CD4<sup>+<\/sup> infiltration mimics human proliferative inflammatory atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Arya","family":"Ashok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Keener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rubenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Stookey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Maryland Baltimore 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