{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T23:04:57Z","timestamp":1787699097813,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bio and Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["NRF-2018M3A9E8020861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018M3A9E8020861"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP\/CPPS) and to explore the mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>RWPE\u20102 cells were randomly divided into three groups: (a) RWPE\u20102 group (normal control), (b) LPS groups (lipopolysaccharide inducing inflammation) and (c) ESWT groups (LPS induced RWPE\u20102 treated by ESWT). After ESWT was administered, cells and supernatant were collected for enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. In vivo, Sprague\u2010Dawley rats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930) were randomly divided into three groups: (a) normal control group, (b) prostatitis groups, and (c) ESWT groups. Prostatitis rats were induced by 17 \u03b2\u2010estradiol and dihydrotestosterone for 4 weeks. After ESWT, prostates of each group were collected for immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ESWT improved prostatitis by attenuating inflammation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). ESWT downregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX\u20102) through inhibiting TLR4\u2010NF\u03baB pathway compared with the LPS group in vitro or prostatitis group in vivo (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). TRAF2 mediates ERK1\/2\u2010COX2 pathway. ESWT promotes prostate tissue recovery by stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). ESWT could suppress apoptosis in the prostate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>ESWT improved CP\/CPPS and reduced inflammation by degrading COX\u20102 in microenvironment through TLR4\u2010NF\u03baB\u2010inhibiting pathway. TRAF2 regulator in ERK1\/2\u2010COX\u20102 inhibition significantly reduced inflammation, thus suggesting ESWT may be a potential and promising treatment for CP\/CPPS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]],"date-time":"2019-08-03T00:35:17Z","timestamp":1564792517000},"page":"1498-1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Extracorporeal shock wave therapy decreases COX\u20102 by inhibiting TLR4\u2010NF\u03baB pathway in a prostatitis rat model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6695-6097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Hwan","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute The Catholic University of 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Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7308-1583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2599-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuk Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9930-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"U\u2010Syn","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology 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