{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T07:30:32Z","timestamp":1768635032296,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Researc","award":["17K11125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K11125"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of testosterone as a prognostic factor for castration\u2010resistant prostate cancer treated with docetaxel in Japan was investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 164 patients with castration\u2010resistant prostate cancer who received docetaxel treatment at Chiba University Hospital and an affiliated hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Testosterone and other clinical factors at the start of docetaxel treatment were evaluated with respect to overall survival and progression\u2010free survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 164 patients, 69 had high\u2010volume tumors. The median prostatic\u2010specific antigen was 27.0\u2009ng\/mL. The median testosterone was 13.0\u2009ng\/dL. The rates of bone and visceral metastases were 80.1% and 8.8%, respectively. For progression\u2010free survival, testosterone \u226513\u2009ng\/dL was an independent prognostic factor only on univariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.81; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0108). For overall survival, testosterone\u2009\u2265\u20091.3\u2009ng\/dL (hazard ratio, 3.37; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), high volume (hazard ratio, 3.06; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0009), and prostate\u2010specific antigen \u2265\u200927.0\u2009ng\/mL (hazard ratio, 2.75; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0013) were independent prognostic factors on multivariate analysis. When assessing related clinical factors, higher serum testosterone was associated with visceral metastasis, high volume, and prostate\u2010specific antigen. Based on three prognostic factors (testosterone, high volume, prostate\u2010specific antigen), a risk classification was developed. The high\u2010risk group (3 risk factors) showed a significantly shorter overall survival compared to the moderate\u2010risk (2 risk factors) and low\u2010risk (0\u20101 risk factor) groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study identified higher serum testosterone (\u226513\u2009ng\/dL) as a significant prognostic factor in castration\u2010resistant prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T17:25:52Z","timestamp":1575912352000},"page":"247-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Higher serum testosterone levels predict poor prognosis in castration\u2010resistant prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Ando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7508-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichi","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobushige","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayumi","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maihulan","family":"Maimaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinpei","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Funabashi Municipal Medical Center Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pae","family":"Sanjyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba Cancer Center Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Funabashi Municipal Medical Center Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Komiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Akakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Japan Community Healthcare Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Cancer Cancer Registry and Statistics. 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