{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T22:25:48Z","timestamp":1744410348754,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 CA108964 (S.M. Lippman, I.M. Thompson, Project 4 E.A. Platz), UM1 CA182883 (C.M. Tangen, I.M. Thompson), U10 CA37429 (C.D. Blanke), P50 CA58236 (W.G. Nelson)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 CA108964 (S.M. Lippman, I.M. Thompson, Project 4 E.A. Platz), UM1 CA182883 (C.M. Tangen, I.M. Thompson), U10 CA37429 (C.D. Blanke), P50 CA58236 (W.G. Nelson)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intraprostatic inflammation is an emerging prostate cancer risk factor. Estrogens are pro\u2010inflammatory while androgens are anti\u2010inflammatory. Thus, we investigated whether serum sex steroid hormone concentrations are associated with intraprostatic inflammation to inform mechanistic links among hormones, inflammation, and prostate cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study among 247 men in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial who had a negative end\u2010of\u2010study biopsy, most (92.7%) performed without clinical indication per trial protocol. Serum estradiol, estrone, and testosterone were previously measured by immunoassay in pooled baseline and Year 3 serum. Free estradiol and free testosterone were calculated. Inflammation was visually assessed (median of three prostate biopsy cores per man). Polytomous or logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of some or all cores inflamed (both vs none) or any core inflamed (vs none) by hormone tertile, adjusting for age, race, and family history. We evaluated effect modification by waist circumference and body mass index (BMI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 51.4% had some and 26.3% had all cores inflamed. Free (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u2009=\u2009.11) but not total estradiol was suggestively inversely associated with all cores inflamed. In men with waist circumference greater than or equal to 102\u2009cm (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u2009=\u2009.021) and BMI\u2009\u2265\u200927.09\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u2009=\u2009.0037) free estradiol was inversely associated with any core inflamed. Estrone was inversely associated with all cores inflamed (T3: OR\u2009=\u20090.36, 95% CI 0.14\u20100.95, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u2009=\u2009.036). Total (T3: OR\u2009=\u20091.91, 95% CI 0.91\u20104.02, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u2009=\u2009.11) and free (T3: OR\u2009=\u20092.19, 95% CI 1.01\u20104.74, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u2009=\u2009.05) testosterone were positively associated with any core inflamed, especially free testosterone in men with waist circumference less than 102\u2009cm (T3: OR\u2009=\u20093.51, 95% CI 1.03\u201012.11, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u2009=\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this first study in men without prostate cancer and irrespective of clinical indication for biopsy, contrary to the hypothesis, circulating estrogens appeared to be inversely associated, especially in heavy men, whereas androgens appeared to be positively associated with intraprostatic inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T17:41:00Z","timestamp":1591551660000},"page":"895-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The association between serum sex steroid hormone concentrations and intraprostatic inflammation in men without prostate cancer and irrespective of clinical indication for biopsy in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Chadid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins  Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Urology The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bora","family":"Gurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Scott","family":"Lucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian M.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cancer Therapy and Research Center CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Hospital\u2010Medical Center  San Antonio Texas"},{"name":"Department of Urology University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio  San Antonio Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phyllis J.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SWOG Statistical Center Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center  Seattle Washington"},{"name":"Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center  Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank Z.","family":"Stanczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Preventive Medicine University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard L.","family":"Parnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Lippman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego  La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo M.","family":"De Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins  Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Urology The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3676-8954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Platz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins  Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Urology The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2015.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-1126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-17-0503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0398"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eem.11.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-011-9790-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-011-9787-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030660"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-0695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(82)90038-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.10.6079"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.Classification of overweight and obesity by BMI Waist Circumference and Associated Disease Risks.2018. 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