{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T21:32:55Z","timestamp":1789853575385,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visceral metastasis (VM), an important poor prognostic factor of prostate cancer (PC), is not commonly observed in castration sensitive status but is often observed after castration\u2010resistant progression. However, the site, timing of emergence, and incidence of VM in castration\u2010resistant patients have not yet been fully elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic, surgical, pathological, and follow\u2010up data of PC patients treated at Kanazawa University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed using their medical charts. From this data, risk factors of VM and survival of patients with VM were elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1364 patients, 21 (1.5%) had VM at diagnosis. Of 179 (13.1%) castration\u2010resistant patients, 55 experienced emergence of new VM during treatment course. Incidence of new VM, especially nonlung, such as liver and adrenal metastases, increased significantly in proportion with the number of prescribed treatments. Multivariate analysis revealed that T stage, M stage, age, and treatment history with androgen receptor (AR) signaling\u2010targeted agents and\/or taxanes significantly increased the risk of VM. Compared with the group with VM at diagnosis, survival after diagnosis of VM following treatment was significantly shorter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although sequential use of new AR signaling\u2010targeted agents and taxanes for castration\u2010resistant PC (CRPC) is a standard treatment strategy, it often results in development of VM. Elucidating the mechanisms of VM are essential to improve survival in patients with CRPC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T13:14:33Z","timestamp":1602594873000},"page":"72-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Androgen receptor signaling\u2010targeted therapy and taxane chemotherapy induce visceral metastasis in castration\u2010resistant prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3599-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8480-9100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kouji","family":"Izumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Kadomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2554-7048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3936-7235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yaegashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Shigehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Kadono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5643-2182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Mizokami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21551"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21262"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2009.07.1360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2011.02895.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10422.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.22742"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-015-1607-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(02)80307-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.7270"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"191","volume-title":"TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours","author":"Brierley JD","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)71205-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040720"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23492"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2018.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"1221","article-title":"Up\u2010regulation of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer after androgen deprivation therapy, degree and androgen independence","volume":"8","author":"Ito T","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-1439(97)00039-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-1263"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-0317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201202367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13876"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.10.055"}],"container-title":["The Prostate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pros.24082","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pros.24082","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pros.24082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T18:17:16Z","timestamp":1693851436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pros.24082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pros.24082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.24082","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-4137","1097-0045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-4137","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}