{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:19:14Z","timestamp":1790090354242,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite encouraging results, the optimal low\u2010intensity shockwave therapy (LiST) protocol in patients with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) remains unknown. We conducted a two\u2010arm, parallel\u2010group, randomized controlled trial aiming to compare the efficacy and safety of six LiST sessions applied once or twice weekly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty patients with CP\/CPPS type IIIb were randomly assigned to six LiST sessions once (Group A, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) or twice weekly (Group B, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925). Both groups followed the same treatment protocol in terms of LiST application, impulses (5000\/session), energy flux density (0.096\u2009mJ\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and frequency (5\u2009Hz). Subsequently, all participants were evaluated at 1 and 3 months after completion of LiST protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the follow\u2010up evaluations, LiST significantly improved the National Institutes of Health\u2010Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH\u2010CPSI) total, pain and quality of life scores, as well as the International Index of Erectile Function\u2013Erectile Domain (IIEF\u2010ED) in both groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001 for all measures). Comparing between the two groups, no significant differences were demonstrated in the NIH\u2010CPSI total, pain, urinary and quality of life scores, as well as in the International Prostate Symptom Score, IIEF\u2013ED, and LiST\u2010induced pain at both follow\u2010up evaluations. Accordingly, no adverse events and no dropouts were observed in both groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six sessions of LiST applied once weekly for 6 weeks or twice weekly for 3 weeks seem to be equally safe and effective in patients with CP\/CPPS. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary, since LiST gradually gains its place for the management of CP\/CPPS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T11:24:58Z","timestamp":1619781898000},"page":"499-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparing two different low\u2010intensity shockwave therapy frequency protocols for nonbacterial chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A two\u2010arm, parallel\u2010group randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3869-2888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Mykoniatis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Pyrgidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kalyvianakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filimon","family":"Zilotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Kapoteli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agrippina","family":"Fournaraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Hatzichristou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2001.01223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.08.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-019-02718-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"CD012552","article-title":"Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Franco JV","year":"2019","journal-title":"ochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"CD012551","article-title":"Non\u2010pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Franco JV","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"EngelerD BaranowskiAP BerghmansB et al. 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