{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:59:16Z","timestamp":1781719156948,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is a common practice to control efficacy of pharmacological treatment with a placebo group. However, placebo itself may affect subjective and even objective results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the placebo effect on symptoms of CP\/CPPS to improve future clinical trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A search at three databases (Scopus, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) was conducted to identify double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled clinical trials on the treatment of CP\/CPPS published until April 2021. The primary outcome \u2013 National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH\u2010CPSI) score. Secondary outcomes: Qmax, PVR, IPSS, and prostate volume.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 3502 studies were identified. Placebo arms of 42 articles (5512 patients, median 31 patients) were included in the systematic review. Systematic review identified positive changes in the primary endpoint, meta\u2010analysis of 10 articles found that NIH\u2010CPSI total score results were significantly influenced by placebo, mean difference \u22124.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]:\u00a0\u22126.31, \u22122.09). Mean difference of NIH\u2010CPSI pain domain was \u22122.31 (95% CI:\u00a0\u22123.4, \u22121.21), urinary domain \u22121.12 (95% CI:\u00a0\u22121.62, \u22120.62), quality of life domain \u22121.67 (95% CI:\u00a0\u22122.38, \u22120.96); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for all. In case of the objective indicator \u2013 Qmax, there were three articles included in the meta\u2010analysis. Qmax mean change from baseline was 0.68 (95% CI:\u00a0\u22120.85, 2.22, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.38). Systematic review showed no significant changes in pain, measured by VAS or other scores, IPSS and PVR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Placebo significantly affected the subjective parameters (NIH\u2010CPSI) and limitedly affected various other measurements of pain (visual analog scale, McGill pain questionnaire). There was no long\u2010term effect on IPSS and objective measurements (Qmax, PVR). This study can be used in further clinical trials to develop general rules of CPPS treatment assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T14:20:14Z","timestamp":1644330014000},"page":"633-656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of placebo effect in clinical trials on chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Andrey","family":"Morozov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health Sechenov University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Bazarkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Medicine Sechenov University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Babaevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Medicine Sechenov University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Taratkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health Sechenov University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasily","family":"Kozlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Healthcare Sechenov University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Suvorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cDigital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare\u201d World\u2010Class Research Center, Sechenov University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Spivak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health Sechenov University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"McFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication Sechenov University Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio I.","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Urology Section University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7169-2209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Enikeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health Sechenov University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"EAU\u2010YAU Sexual and Reproductive Health Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2013.17.2.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12647"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.57.011205.135654"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141447"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12747"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2016.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"EAU Guidelines: Chronic Pelvic Pain. 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