{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T22:52:19Z","timestamp":1786834339781,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54CA233465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CA233465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DODW81XWH\u201017\u20101\u20100612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DODW81XWH\u201017\u20101\u20100612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mitochondrial genome has small open reading frames (sORF) which produce measurable mitochondrial\u2010derived peptides (MDPs), including humanin, SHLP2, and MOTS\u2010c. Previously, among men undergoing prostate biopsy, we found higher serum SHLP2 was linked with lower prostate cancer\u00a0(PC) risk in European American men (EAM), while null associations were found in African American men (AAM). Here, in different patients undergoing prostate biopsy, we tested the link between SHLP2, humanin and MOTS\u2010c and PC\u00a0risk by race.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma SHLP2, humanin, and MOTS\u2010c were measured in 198 men (50\/49 EAM\/AAM cases; 50\/49 EAM\/AAM controls) undergoing biopsy. Logistic and multinomial regression models tested associations between each MDP and PC diagnosis, low\u2010grade (grade group, GG1) and high\u2010grade (GG2\u20105). Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, digital rectal examination, and prostate specific antigen (PSA). We tested interactions between MDPs and race.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among controls, humanin was similar by race (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.60), but both SHLP2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007) and MOTS\u2010c (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026) were lower in AAM controls versus EAM controls. Among EAM, higher MDP values were associated with lower PC risk (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001), with null associations in AAM (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010interactions\u2009\u2264\u20090.01). Similarly, higher MDP expression was associated with decreased risk of low\u2010 and high\u2010grade PC in EAM (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.005) with null associations in AAM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher MDP levels were associated with lower PC risk in EAM but not AAM. Generally, AAM controls had lower MDP levels. These data support MDPs and mitochondrial dysfunction in PC, suggesting greater dysfunction in AAM may contribute to excess PC risk. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T11:31:13Z","timestamp":1657020673000},"page":"1248-1257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Racial differences in circulating mitochondria\u2010derived peptides may contribute to prostate cancer health disparities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Adela","family":"Ramirez\u2010Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison L.","family":"Reagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Health Care System VA Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Health Care System VA Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3866-8589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Wiggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Health Care System VA Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana C.","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxiang","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8104-6419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Freedland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Health Care System VA Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinchas","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6941a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.10958.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.13.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13685530903536668"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19926"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2005.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-23-09235.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100943"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E09-02-0168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101736"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2016.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-019-01758-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.2.1031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.74440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10030126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/763703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00748-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-014-0402-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006334"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000052430"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.06.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","volume-title":"20th Annual Meeting of the Society of Urologic Oncology","author":"Claire de la Calle JC","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FasuloV CowanJE MaggiM et al.Characteristics of cancer progression on serial biopsy in men on active surveillance for early\u2010stage prostate cancer: implications for focal therapy.Eur Urol Oncol.2020.doi:10.1016\/j.euo.2020.08.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2020.08.002"}],"container-title":["The Prostate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pros.24398","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pros.24398","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/pros.24398","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pros.24398","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T10:15:56Z","timestamp":1692785756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pros.24398"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pros.24398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.24398","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-4137","1097-0045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-4137","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}