{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:25:23Z","timestamp":1793139923320,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009156","name":"Nantong Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009576","name":"Nantong Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009576","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational studies have shown an association between major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, and prostatitis. However, the causal relationship between MDD, anxiety, and prostatitis remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to use two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal effects of MDD and anxiety on prostatitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted univariable and multivariable MR analyses using summary statistics from publicly available genome\u2010wide association studies to estimate the causal relationships between MDD, anxiety, and prostatitis risk. In the main MR analysis, the inverse\u2010variance weighted (IVW) method was used, while secondary methods included the weighted median, weighted mode, MR\u2010Egger regression, and MR pleiotropy residual and outlier (MR\u2010PRESSO) tests to detect and correct for the presence of pleiotropy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MDD had 97 independent instrumental variables (IVs) and anxiety had 15 IVs. Univariable MR analysis showed that genetically determined MDD had a detrimental causal effect on prostatitis (IVW: odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.12\u20131.92, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), while no causal relationship was found between anxiety and prostatitis (IVW: OR\u2009=\u20090.25, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.02\u20132.82, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.26). More convincingly, after adjusting for confounding factors such as body mass index, alcohol consumption, and smoking, the genetic liability for MDD remained associated with prostatitis risk, with no strong evidence of anxiety affecting prostatitis incidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study supports the notion that MDD has a detrimental effect on prostatitis risk, and strategies focused on addressing MDD may be one of the cornerstones for treating prostatitis. The potential preventive value of treating MDD for prostatitis should be further investigated in future research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T13:05:01Z","timestamp":1690549501000},"page":"1387-1392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evidence for a causal effect of major depressive disorder, anxiety on prostatitis risk: A univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5768-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Institute of Urology, The Clinical Medical Research Center The First People's Hospital of Nantong City Nantong 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