{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T02:50:27Z","timestamp":1767495027073,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>After brachytherapy, fewer prostate biopsy cores at diagnosis can underestimate the pathological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) with lower concordance, resulting in improper treatment, particularly in patients with low\u2010risk nonpalpable cT1c PCa. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the number of biopsy cores at diagnosis and long\u2010term clinical outcomes after brachytherapy for cT1c PCa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed 516 patients with localized cT1c PCa with Gleason scores of 3\u2009+\u20093\u2009=\u20096 or 3\u2009+\u20094\u2009=\u20097 who underwent brachytherapy as monotherapy without hormonal therapy between January 2005 and September 2014 at our institution. Clinical staging was based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer manual for staging. Thus, the cT1c category is based solely on digital rectal examination. The primary outcome was biochemical recurrence (BCR). Based on the optimized cutoff value for biopsy core number obtained from receiver operating characteristic analysis, patients were divided into the biopsy cores \u22648 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009123) and \u22659 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009393) groups. The BCR\u2010free survival rate was compared between the groups. Prognostic factors for BCR were evaluated, including age, initial prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA) level, Gleason score, positive core rate, PSA density, prostate magnetic resonance imaging\u00a0findings, and biopsy core number.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median patient age was 66.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 61.0\u201371.0 years), and the median follow\u2010up time was 11.1 years (IQR: 9.5\u201313.3 years). The median number of core biopsies was 12 (IQR: 9\u201312). The area under the curve was 0.637 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53\u20130.75), and the optimal biopsy core cutoff value for BCR prediction was 8.5 (sensitivity\u2009=\u200943.5%, specificity\u2009=\u200977.1%). Although fewer patients had Gleason scores of 3\u2009+\u20094\u2009=\u20097 (19\/123 [15%] vs. 125\/393 [32%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.02) in the biopsy cores \u22648 group, the 10\u2010year BCR\u2010free survival rate was significantly lower in the biopsy cores \u22648 group than in the biopsy cores \u22659 group (93.8% vs. 96.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that a lower biopsy core number (hazard ratio: 0.828, 95% CI: 0.71\u20130.97, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.03) and a Gleason score of 3\u2009+\u20094\u2009=\u20097 (hazard ratio: 3.26, 95% CI: 1.37\u20137.73, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) significantly predicted BCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A low number of prostate core biopsies results in worse BCR\u2010free survival after brachytherapy as monotherapy in patients with cT1c PCa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T07:29:20Z","timestamp":1704353360000},"page":"502-510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fewer systematic prostate core biopsies in clinical stage T1c prostate cancer leads to biochemical recurrence after brachytherapy as monotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1633-784X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunao","family":"Nohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiya","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuto","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsunori","family":"Yorozu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Monma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Prostate Cancer Center Ofuna Chuo Hospital  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38664-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00957-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-1439(03)00006-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13380"},{"volume-title":"AUA\/Optimal Techniques of Prostate Biopsy and Specimen Handling","year":"2013","author":"Taneja 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