{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T05:05:12Z","timestamp":1766466312046,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the effects of carbon\u2010ion radiation therapy (CIRT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) on the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of initial prostate\u2010specific antigen (iPSA), clinical Tumor (cT) stage, radiotherapy method, and other clinical factors on the prognosis of 577 patients with radiotherapy were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cox regression analysis showed that CIRT (RR: 0.49, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0215), cT stage\u2009\u2265\u20093 (RR: 2.72, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0003), and iPSA\u2009\u2265\u200916\u2009ng\/mL (RR: 1.74, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0347) were independent predictors of biochemical recurrence (BCR). After propensity score matching (PSM), CIRT (RR: 0.42, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0147), cT stage\u2009\u2265\u20093 (RR: 2.55, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0092), and iPSA\u2009\u2265\u200916\u2009ng\/mL (RR: 2.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0366) were still the predictors of univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, CIRT (RR: 0.42, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015) and cT stage\u2265\u20093 (RR:2.21, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0332) were independent predictors of BCR. Among them, we used iPSA and cT stages to establish a new radiotherapy selection model based on BCR risk. Patients who met more than one factor (score\u2009\u2265\u20091) and underwent CIRT had significantly better BCR progression\u2010free survival (PFS) than those who received EBRT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.01). This was also confirmed by Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis after PSM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CIRT patients exhibited lower 5\u2010year BCR rates compared to the EBRT group. Patients with a risk score of our model \u2265\u20091 undergoing CIRT were more likely to experience BCR benefits compared to those receiving EBRT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T18:19:46Z","timestamp":1730657986000},"page":"232-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Significant Effect of Carbon\u2010Ion Radiation Therapy Combined With Androgen Deprivation on Biochemical Recurrence Rates in High\u2010Risk Prostate Cancer Patients: A Two\u2010Center Controlled Trial Compare With X\u2010Ray External Beam Radiation Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4818-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7508-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichi","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasutaka","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuri","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mio","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kodai","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinpei","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Wakatsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01730-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.11.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrt027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14338\/IJPT-15-00030.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31662"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70412-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3579446"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.09.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2006.08.015"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"1436","article-title":"Rising PSA in Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer","volume":"21","author":"Moul J. 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