{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T03:26:35Z","timestamp":1781061995815,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA)\u2010based screening has reduced prostate cancer (PCa) mortality but is associated with overdiagnosis\/overtreatment. We developed and evaluated a blood\u2010based S2,3PSA% test to address the limitations of PSA\u2010based screening for PCa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study included men aged\u2009\u2264\u200975 years who underwent opportunistic PSA and S2,3PSA% screening between April 2022 and March 2023. Secondary screening was recommended for participants with PSA\u2009\u2265\u20092.0\u2009ng\/mL and S2,3PSA% \u2265\u200938.0%, or PSA\u2009\u2265\u20094.0\u2009ng\/mL. The primary outcome was the reduction in MRI utilization based on an S2,3PSA% cutoff of\u2009\u2265\u200938.0%. Secondary outcomes included the PCa detection rate, as well as reductions in prostate biopsies and medical costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 808 participants who underwent PSA and S2,3PSA% screening, 190 met the criteria for secondary screening. Of these, 72 underwent further evaluation, including MRI in 65 participants. MRI findings excluded 22 (33.8%) participants from requiring prostate biopsy. Ultimately, 25 participants underwent prostate biopsy, and PCa was diagnosed in 17 (68.0%), including 12 with clinically significant PCa. The combined use of PSA, S2,3PSA%, and MRI resulted in a 44% reduction in MRI use, a 63% reduction in unnecessary biopsies, and a 72% reduction in medical costs. Study limitations include the small sample size and lack of evaluation of participants with negative S2,3PSA% or MRI findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>S2,3PSA% screening may have potential as a tool to reduce the need for MRI, unnecessary biopsies, and medical costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T06:49:01Z","timestamp":1747982941000},"page":"1062-1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Effects of the Blood\u2010Based S2,3PSA% Test on Prostate Cancer Screening: A Novel Approach to Reduce the Need for MRI and Unnecessary Biopsies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Hikari","family":"Miura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Hamaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1098-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tohru","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glycotechnology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Shimoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aomori General Health Examination Center Aomori Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiyasu","family":"Tsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyo","family":"Togashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sosuke","family":"Omizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotake","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8284-9582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teppei","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Kakeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikara","family":"Ohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0026-4079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shingo","family":"Hatakeyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15545"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15499"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15424"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15628"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15441"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.326"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.321"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70085"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15415"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(10)70146-7"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Prostate Cancer Screening: Common Questions and Answers","volume":"110","author":"Xu J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02688-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e328360332a"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djae200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-012-0927-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwh071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwm117"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-016-1049-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24239"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24894"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2008.02048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2024.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2406050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.01.017"}],"container-title":["The Prostate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pros.24917","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T12:25:46Z","timestamp":1751372746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pros.24917"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pros.24917"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.24917","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-4137","1097-0045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-4137","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}