{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:59:42Z","timestamp":1792191582920,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]],"date-time":"2006-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9331,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this article, the Karolinska experience of transrectal fine\u2010needle aspiration biopsy of prostatic carcinoma, which now extends over more than twenty years, is evaluated. The cytologic criteria for diagnosing prostatic carcinoma in aspirates are well defined. While accuracy of cytodiagnosis is similar to that of histopathologic diagnosis, fine\u2010needle aspiration is a less traumatic, cheaper procedure compared with histologic biopsy methods. Accuracy depends very much upon the skill of the examiner taking the cell samples and on the alertness of the cytopathologist for possible diagnostic pitfalls. Cytologic grading of prostatic carcinoma into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated types has been shown to be correlated significantly not only to histopathologic grading, but also to clinical stage, response to hormonal therapy and survival. The degree of tumor differentiation is well reproduced by independent observers. Cytochemical parameters, such as DNA measurement, constitute a potential refinement of cytologic grading, especially in moderately differentiated carcinomas. In medical centers with long experience of fine\u2010needle aspiration biopsy, the method has a central role in diagnosis and management of prostatic carcinoma, including posttherapy follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990020406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T23:48:05Z","timestamp":1172015285000},"page":"381-395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Transrectal fine\u2010needle aspiration biopsy for cytologic diagnosis and grading of prostatic carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Jan\u2010Silvester","family":"Willems","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"L\u00f6whagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1960.tb03763.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"182","article-title":"Cytologic diagnosis of prostatic tumours with the aid of transrectal aspiration biopsy. A critical review of 1,110 cases and a report of morphologic and cytochemical studies","volume":"10","author":"Esposti PL","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Cytol (Baltimore)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365596709133542"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1967.tb11792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1967.tb11793.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KaulenH DavidtsHH: Diagnostische M\u00f6glichkeiten and Nachteile der transrectalen Aspirationsbiopsie mit cytologischer Beurteilung beim Prostatacarcinom.Verh Dtsch Ges Urol268\u2013271.1972.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-80738-1_67"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"279","article-title":"Die Franz\u00e9n\u2010Feinnadelaspirationsbiopsie zur Cytodiagnostik der Prostata in Klinik und ambulanter Praxis","volume":"78","author":"Kirstaedter JH","year":"1972","journal-title":"Verh Dtsch Ges Inn Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)60770-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Zytodiagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms nach transrektaler Saugbiopsie","volume":"15","author":"Droese M","year":"1976","journal-title":"Urologe (A)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/67.2.131","article-title":"Prostatic carcinoma and needle aspiration biopsy","volume":"67","author":"Kline TS","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58444-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00313027909059040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365597109133601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"EspostiPL: Aspiration Biopsy Cytology in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostatic Carcinoma Thesis. 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Svensk Urologisk F\u00f6rening 12 dec, 1966","volume":"78","author":"Esposti PL","year":"1967","journal-title":"Nordisk Medicin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"367","article-title":"Erfahrungen mit dem zytologischen grading beim Prostatakarzinom","volume":"17","author":"Voeth C","year":"1978","journal-title":"Urologe (A)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197207)30:1<5::AID-CNCR2820300103>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-8165(74)80098-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196309)16:9<1119::AID-CNCR2820160906>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"Cytophotometric DNA analysis of aspirated cells from prostatic carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Zetterberg A","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Cytol (Baltimore)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Editorial: Cancer of the Prostate. 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