{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:07:40Z","timestamp":1761764860208},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]],"date-time":"2006-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5314,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A polyclonal rabbit antibody to lactoferrin was used to localize the distribution of lactoferrin within the different zones of the normal human prostate as well as within the inflamed human prostate. Cases of normal central zone, peripheral zone, periurethral glandular tissue, as well as cases in which foci of moderate to severe inflammation, along with varying degrees of inflammation\u2010related atrophy, were studied. In cases with inflammation, the staining pattern of lactoferrin was compared to the staining pattern of prostate\u2010specific antigen. Within the central zone, lactoferrin staining occurred in numerous individual cells peppered throughout the epithelium as well as within multiple intraepithelial lumens (lacunae). These lacunae were often numerous enough to give the central zone epithelium a fenestrated appearance; they were not seen in any of the other regions of the prostate. With the exception of an occasional individual cell or isolated positive gland, normal peripheral zone exhibited very little lactoferrin activity. Staining within the transition zone was similar to that seen in the peripheral zone. Staining within the urethral lining of the epithelium in the periurethral glands showed a distinct pattern of frequent intense staining involving the entire gland; frequent individual positive cells were also often seen. Three patterns of staining were identified in prostatic inflammation. Mild periglandular chronic inflammation produced foci of epithelial lactoferrin positivity that coincided precisely with the areas of inflammation. Severe acute inflammation produced strong staining within luminal secretions while cytoplasmic staining was limited to the luminal surface of the epithelium. Post\u2010inflammatory atrophy showed intense diffuse lactoferrin staining in the scant cytoplasm of the atrophic epithelium. In 12 of the 17 cases of inflammation that were studied, areas of post\u2010inflammatory atrophy or severe inflammation commonly showed absence of prostate specific antigen staining and epithelium that was strongly lactoferrin\u2010positive.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Within the normal human prostate, lactoferrin appears to be produced primarily within the epithelium of the central zone, periurethral glands, and lining epithelium of the prostatic urethra. Lactoferrin\u2010filled central zone lacunae appear to be structures unique to the central zone. The distribution of lactoferrin in the periurethral glands and urethral lining epithelium, along with the intense production of lactoferrin in the presence of inflammation, and the preservation of lactoferrin production in severe inflammation or atrophy suggest that lactoferrin may be a key component of the inflammatory response within the human prostate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990200109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T02:08:23Z","timestamp":1172023703000},"page":"73-85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Distribution of lactoferrin in the normal and inflamed human prostate: An immunohistochemical study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Reese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"McNeal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elise A.","family":"Redwine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Sellers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Larry","family":"Goldenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0378(81)90014-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.31.4.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.130.3.643"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.35.3.792-799.1982","article-title":"Bactericidal activity of human lactoferrin: Differentiation from the stasis of iron deprivation","volume":"35","author":"Arnold RR","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.6.2519","article-title":"Contrasting effects of lactoferrin on human lymphocyte and monocyte natural killer activity and antibody\u2010dependent cell\u2010mediated cytotoxicity","volume":"129","author":"Nishiya K","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"312","article-title":"The antigens of human seminal plasma. With special reference to lactoferrin as a spermatozoa antigen","volume":"20","author":"Hekman A","year":"1969","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00256894"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00689338"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/49.3.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ReeseJH McNealJE RedwineEA SamloffMI StameyTA:Differential distribution of pepsinogen\u2010II between the zones of the human prostate and the seminal vesicle.136:1148\u20131152 1986.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)45242-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990120107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/29.4.6166661","article-title":"Use of avidin\u2010biotin\u2010peroxidase complex (A,B,C) in immunoperoxidase techniques: A comparison between A,B,C and unlabeled antibody (PAP) procedures","volume":"29","author":"Hsu S","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"}],"container-title":["The Prostate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpros.2990200109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pros.2990200109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T19:36:58Z","timestamp":1698089818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pros.2990200109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pros.2990200109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.2990200109","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-4137","1097-0045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-4137","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}}}