{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T15:21:02Z","timestamp":1773242462583,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]],"date-time":"2006-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5314,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA) has emerged as the most useful marker for management of patients with prostate cancer. The regulation of this glycoprotein in vivo has important clinical implications. Indirect evidence indicates that the PSA glycoprotein might be regulated by androgens, and previous studies in this laboratory have demonstrated that PSA mRNA is upregulated by androgens. The current work reports a detailed study of PSA glycoprotein expression as influenced by steroid hormones in a human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line, LNCaP. First, we have examined the steroid binding specificity of the androgen receptor in this cell line. In comparison with wild\u2010type rat androgen receptor in prostate, the receptor in LNCaP cells has altered affinity for a number of steroids or analogs such as progesterone (R5020), antiprogesterone (RU486), two antiandrogens (cyperoterone acetate and hydroxyflutamide), and an androgen metabolite (epitestosterone). However, its affinity for androgens (mibolerone, dihydrotestosterone, and testosterone) is not changed. The receptor does not bind to the synthetic glucocorticoids (triaminolone acetonide and dexamethasone) nor to a synthetic estrogen DES (diethylstilbestrol). The change of the steroid binding specificity of the receptor is correlated with a single mutation (A \u2192 G at nucleotide #876 relative to the initiation codon) of the steroid binding domain of the receptor. The mutation and alteration of steroid\u2010binding specificity of the androgen receptor is also correlated with PSA glycoprotein expression affected by different ligands tested. We have demonstrated that the PSA glycoprotein is upregulated by androgens and is affected by neither epidermal growth factor nor basic fibroblast growth factor. Moreover, PSA glycoprotein could be induced by R5020, estradiol, and epitestosterone; but neither glucocorticoids nor DES had any effect on PSA induction. Interestingly, although the antiandrogen, cyperotone acetate, had the ability to induce PSA, both RU486 and hydroxyflutamide could block androgen and progesterone induction of PSA glycoprotein. Therefore, we conclude that the PSA glycoprotein expression is influenced predominantly by androgens via its receptor, and the mutation of the receptor can affect the expression of this cellular gene by the steroids other than androgens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990210107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T02:48:05Z","timestamp":1172026085000},"page":"63-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Hormonal regulation of prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA) glycoprotein in the human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line, LNCaP"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Benjamin T.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles Y.\u2010F.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Bilhartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nels F.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald J.","family":"Tindall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L","family":"Prescott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Purification of a human prostate\u2010specific antigen","volume":"17","author":"Wang MC","year":"1979","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.10.3166"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990020109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1989.tb00134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"CohenP GravesHCB KammelM PeehlDM RosenfeldRG:Prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA) is an IGF binding protein (IGFBP\u20103) protease found in seminal plasma. Presented at the Seventy\u2010third Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society Program and Abstracts Washington DC 1991 p372 abstract No. 1365."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(89)91362-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)37568-9","article-title":"Androgen dependence of specific kallikrein gene family members expressed in rat prostate","volume":"266","author":"Clements JA","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"3748","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of prostate\u2010specific antigen mRNA in a human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line LNCaP","volume":"51","author":"Young CYF","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198209000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"179","article-title":"Relative reliability of five serially measured markers for prognosis in prostate cancer","volume":"76","author":"Killian CS","year":"1986","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710083171501"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199104253241702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)39797-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"3474","article-title":"Negative controls of cell proliferation: Human prostate cancer cells and androgens","volume":"49","author":"Sonnenschein C","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990140204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(67)12127-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990120112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","volume-title":"An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis","author":"Oh L","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00295a020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","unstructured":"TindallDJ MeansAR:Properties and hormonal regulation of androgen binding proteins. In: \u201cAdvances in Sex Hormone Research.\u201d (Thoman J.A. and Singhal R.L. eds.) Volume 4:295\u2013328 1980."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","unstructured":"HarrisSE RongZ HarrisMA LubahnDB:Androgen receptor in human prostate carcinoma LNCaP\/Adep cells contains a mutation which alters the specificity of the steroid\u2010dependent transcriptional activation region. Presented at the Seventy\u2010second Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society Atlanta Georgia 1990 Program and Abstracts p93."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(05)80067-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(90)90075-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990080305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990150102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","first-page":"3753","article-title":"Acceleration of human prostate cancer growth in vivo by factors produced by prostte and bone fibroblasts","volume":"51","author":"Gleave M","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)45310-9","article-title":"Age\u2010related changes in tissue levels of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate\u2010specific antigen","volume":"138","author":"Goldfarb DA","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)41083-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-10-4-393"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","first-page":"1525","article-title":"Tumor\u2010promoting phorbol ester down\u2010regulates the androgen induction of prostate\u2010specific antigen in a human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line","volume":"52","author":"Andrews PE","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00118a026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-4-12-1841"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","unstructured":"YoungCYF MontgomeryBT AndrewsPE TindallDJ:The mechanism of androgenic regulation of human prostate\u2010specific kallikreins. Presented at the Seventy\u2010third Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society Washington DC 1991 Program and Abstract p399 abstract 1474."}],"container-title":["The Prostate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpros.2990210107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pros.2990210107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T03:46:26Z","timestamp":1698119186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pros.2990210107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pros.2990210107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.2990210107","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-4137","1097-0045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-4137","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}}}