{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:07:48Z","timestamp":1761764868559},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]],"date-time":"2006-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4948,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF\u03b1) expression was analyzed immunocytochemically on formalin\u2010fixed wax\u2010embedded sections obtained from 24 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) specimens and 76 prostatic carcinoma tissues, 3 human prostatic tumor xenografts, normal kidney, and salivary gland. Low amounts of TGF\u03b1 immunopositivity were encountered in the epithelium of BPH glandular tissues, whereas in the prostatic adenocarcinoma samples, a greater heterogeneity and intensity of TGF\u03b1 immunostaining was observed. The most intense staining was exhibited by the least differentiated tumors, although a few of these were weakly stained. Statistical analysis of the relationship of histopathological grade of tumor with TGF\u03b1 expression in the carcinomas showed a significant correlation of these parameters, 0.01 &gt; P &gt; 0.001. The expression of the proliferation markers Ki\u201067 and PCNA was also analyzed in the carcinoma specimens, and the relationship of these to TGF\u03b1 expression indicated that there was no significant correlation in this series of tumors between increased growth activity and TGF\u03b1 expression (p \u02dc 0.25 with both markers). The prostatic carcinoma xenografts TEN 12 and TEN 15 contained low levels of immunoreactive TGF\u03b1, which was uniformly distributed, whilst heterogeneous immunostaining was observed in the uroepithelial xenograft TEN 16. In the normal human kidney, TGF\u03b1 was concentrated in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and the collecting tubules (CT), and lower amounts were identified in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT). As in the prostatic carcinomas, the immunostaining was eliminated by prior absorption of the antibody with pure TGF\u03b1 and not with human or mouse EGF. No crossreactivity of the TGF\u03b1 antibody with salivary EGF was demonstrated. This study concludes that, in prostate carcinoma, the least differentiated tumors more often expressed greater amounts of immunoreactive TGF\u03b1; however, no relationship between TGF\u03b1 expression and cellular proliferation markers was found. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990230103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T03:12:21Z","timestamp":1172027541000},"page":"9-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["An immunocytochemical analysis of TGF\u03b1 expression in benign and malignant prostatic tumors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"M. E.","family":"Harper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Goddard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Glynne\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. W.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Price\u2010Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. B.","family":"Peeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6320373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90550-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"389","article-title":"Transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b1: An oncodevelopmental growth factor","volume":"2","author":"Salomon DS","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"13614","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor\u2010like transforming growth factor","volume":"258","author":"Massague J","year":"1983","journal-title":"II. Interaction with epidermal growth factor receptors in human placenta membranes and A431 cells. J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)33325-8","article-title":"Transforming growth factor stimulates the phosphorylation of a synthetic, tryosine\u2010containing peptide in a similar manner","volume":"257","author":"Pike LJ","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/313745a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90075-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90076-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90077-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"707","article-title":"Synthesis of messenger RNAs for transforming growth factors \u03b1 and \u03b2 and the epidermal growth factor receptor by human tumors","volume":"47","author":"Derynck R","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990150102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1989.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711620308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.8.8.3415"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.7.7.2335"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12465223"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114223"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"2780","article-title":"Autonomous growth of androgen\u2010independent human prostatic carcinoma cells: Role of transforming growth factor \u03b1","volume":"51","author":"Hofer DR","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37747-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(88)90120-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(90)90432-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Immunohistochemical demonstration of growth factors, TGF\u2010\u03b1, TGF\u2010\u03b2, IGF\u2010I and neu oncogene product in benign and malignant human breast tissues","volume":"10","author":"Mizukami Y","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","unstructured":"McClellandRA FinlayP GeeJMW ManningDL HoyleH EllisIO BlarneyRW NicholsonRI: An immunocytochemical analysis of EGF TGF\u03b1 amphiregulin and phosphotyrosine in human breast cancer.Int J Cancer submitted."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Urologic Pathology: The Prostate","author":"Gleason DF","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.19.5.408","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localisation of urogastrone to human duodenal and submanidublar glands","volume":"19","author":"Heitz PhU","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/33.4.3884705"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00982668"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00492581"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990210108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990200309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1990.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.17.7792"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Immunoreactive transforming growth factor alpha is commonly present in colorectal neoplasia","volume":"139","author":"Tanaka S","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(89)90072-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.43.5.385"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","first-page":"1527","article-title":"Expression of neu protein, epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor alpha in breast cancer: Correlation with clinicopathologic parameters","volume":"138","author":"Lundy J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(91)90145-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041320120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1989.7.4.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(91)90180-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990070406"}],"container-title":["The Prostate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpros.2990230103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pros.2990230103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T04:24:04Z","timestamp":1698207844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pros.2990230103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pros.2990230103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.2990230103","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-4137","1097-0045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-4137","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]}}}