{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:20:31Z","timestamp":1790688031015,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The glycosylation of proteins is commonly altered in cancer. This offers novel opportunities for cancer biomarker development. As prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein, identification of cancer\u2010specific PSA\u2010glycoforms is feasible. Such PSA\u2010glycoforms may provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PSA\u2010glycoforms were studied in tissues, using in situ proximity\u2010ligation assay (PLA)\u2010based detection with a PSA\u2010specific antibody and 25 different glycan\u2010binding lectins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using 25 different lectins and a small tissue microarray (TMA), we showed that glycosylation of PSA in cancerous tissues is different from that in benign prostate. In a larger TMA with samples from 162 patients, PSA\u2010glycoforms detected by succinylated wheat germ (WGA<jats:sub>succ<\/jats:sub>) and <jats:italic>Vicia villosa<\/jats:italic> (VVA) lectins were enriched in cancerous tissues as compared to adjacent benign tissues from the same patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u200910<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> for both, Kruskal\u2013Wallis H test), although strong total PSA staining was more often found in benign tissues (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096*10<jats:sup>\u221214<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We showed here that glycosylation of PSA is changed in situ in prostate cancer. The identified lectins, showing preferential binding to cancer\u2010associated PSA\u2010glycoforms, will aid the future development of a diagnostic serum test of prostate cancer. Such a test has potential to revolutionize prostate cancer diagnostics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T06:13:56Z","timestamp":1752128036000},"page":"1290-1298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Altered Glycosylation of PSA in Prostate Cancer Tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0926-3109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannu","family":"Koistinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5817-890X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruusu\u2010Maaria","family":"Merivirta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Research Program in Systems Oncology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo\u2010Pekka","family":"Lehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Program in Systems Oncology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Urology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lempi\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Program in Systems Oncology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf\u2010H\u00e5kan","family":"Stenman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Rannikko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Program in Systems Oncology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Urology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Mirtti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Program in Systems Oncology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Cancer Institute Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2586"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2009.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(94)90405-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)60215-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Essentials of Glycobiology","author":"Bellis S. 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