{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T12:49:55Z","timestamp":1764593395376,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As the incidence of prostate cancer rises in Asian countries, notable disparities in life expectancy, economic status, and education levels are observed. This study aimed to use the Human Development Index (HDI), which reflects these factors, to explore differences in prostate cancer diagnosis, staging, and initial treatment across various Asian nations and areas, and uncover the impact of socioeconomic factors on patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between January 2016 and December 2018 who were enrolled in the Asian Prostate Cancer Study Group (A\u2010CaP). Patients were grouped into three HDI categories (medium, high, very high). A statistical comparison was conducted to evaluate differences in diagnostic methods and initial treatments across 12 Asian countries and areas based on HDI classification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 35,776 prostate cancer patients were included. Patients in the very high HDI group had lower PSA levels, fewer ISUP Grade 5 cases, and reduced metastatic disease (M1) compared to the other groups. Advanced diagnostic modalities (e.g., CT, MRI, and bone scintigraphy) were more commonly used in the very high HDI group. Imaging modalities were less frequently used in medium HDI countries with low PSA, and in high HDI countries with high PSA. Regarding treatment, patients in very high HDI countries and areas were more likely to receive radiation therapy or active surveillance. Surgical treatment was more common for metastatic patients in high and medium HDI countries and areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights significant differences in prostate cancer management across 12 Asian countries and areas, emphasizing the influence of HDI on diagnostic and treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.70050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T13:14:17Z","timestamp":1759324457000},"page":"20-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Human Development Index Category on Prostate Cancer Characteristics in Asia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7508-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichi","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Onozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital Narita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Shiota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Young","family":"Joung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Urological Cancer, National Cancer Center Goyang South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyo Chul","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Levent","family":"T\u00fcrkeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology School of Medicine Ac\u0131badem Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131nlar University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahad\u0131r","family":"\u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology School of Medicine Marmara University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7501-1834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmine","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teng Aik","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter Ka\u2010Fung","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery SH Ho Urology Centre The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Fai","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery SH Ho Urology Centre The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong\u2010Lin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vu Le","family":"Chuyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Binh Dan Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bannakij","family":"Lojanapiwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason L.","family":"Letran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Cardinal Santos Medical Center Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukman","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmund","family":"Chiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery National University of Singapore (NUS) Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Urology National University Hospital Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghazi M.","family":"Al\u2010Edwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Surgery Division of Urology, Jordan University Hospital The University of Jordan Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Osaka Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7279-2874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taketo","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital Ichikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Teikyo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruki","family":"Kume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Asian Prostate Cancer Study Group (A\u2010CaP)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13593"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.220002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494817715400"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33586"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prnil.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Human Development Index (HDI) https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/data-center\/human-development-index#\/indicies\/HDI."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494817715400"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-019-00169-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prnil.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1477-3163.94025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prnil.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13685530412331284687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13707"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEH.2008.019792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyq130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2016.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287210370329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359231216582"}],"container-title":["The Prostate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pros.70050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T12:39:31Z","timestamp":1764592771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pros.70050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pros.70050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.70050","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-4137","1097-0045"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0270-4137"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-0045"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}