{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T07:15:02Z","timestamp":1770966902259,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent years, the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (PCa) have risen significantly, rendering it a serious health concern for middle\u2010aged and elderly men. Interleukin\u201018 (IL\u201018), an important pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine within the interleukin\u20101 superfamily, has been implicated in various malignancies, yet there is a notable scarcity of comprehensive studies exploring the regulatory role of IL\u201018 in the onset and progression of PCa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed integrated bioinformatics and immunohistochemical analyses to investigate the expression patterns and potential mechanistic roles of IL\u201018 and its receptors in PCa. Differential expression analyses were performed on IL\u201018 mRNA and protein levels in normal prostate (NP), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and PCa tissues. Correlations between IL\u201018 expression and clinical features were also assessed. Additionally, immune cell infiltration was analyzed to explore the immunological landscape associated with IL\u201018 expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A comparative analysis of IL\u201018 mRNA and protein expression levels between paracancerous and PCa tissues revealed an obvious decrease in IL\u201018 expression in both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PCa tissues compared to normal prostate (NP) tissue (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The expression of IL\u201018 was found to be significantly elevated in correlation with the progression of pathological T\u2010stage and an increase in the Gleason score among patients with PCa. Immune infiltration analysis, which examined 24 immune cell types, showed that IL\u201018 was correlated with the infiltration of Th17 cells negatively, while exhibiting positive correlations with other immune cell types. Congo red staining revealed that eosinophils were predominantly localized in the entravascular and perivascular regions of prostate tissues. Notably, Eosinophil infiltration was significantly increased PCa tissues when compared to NP tissues (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Immunohistochemical staining also showed that CD20\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells were mainly present in perivascular areas, with significantly higher infiltration levels observed in PCa compared to NP and BPH (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Similarly, CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cell infiltration was significantly increased in PCa compared to NP and BPH (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, the number of mast cell infiltration increased significantly in PCa tissues relative to NP and BPH through Toluidine blue staining (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL\u201018 may play a dual regulatory role in PCa development. In the early stages of the disease, IL\u201018 may act to inhibit tumorigenesis, whereas, in later stages, it may promote tumor progression in a pro\u2010carcinogenic manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T07:47:46Z","timestamp":1759823266000},"page":"249-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Infiltration of IL\u201018\u2010Related Immune Cells and Their Bidirectional Regulatory Roles in the Pathogenesis of Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9883-1560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pathophysiology Department of Basic Medical College Beihua University Jilin 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of Basic Medical College Beihua University Jilin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pathophysiology Department of Basic Medical College Beihua University Jilin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zishen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pathophysiology Department of Basic Medical College Beihua University Jilin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pathophysiology Department of Basic Medical College Beihua University Jilin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pathology Department of People's hospital in Yushu Town Yushu 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