{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:14:04Z","timestamp":1788502444818,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2300390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2300390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During puberty, androgen levels surge to drive development and maturation of the prostate, a male accessory reproductive organ. The objective of this study is to determine the dose dependent effect of the androgen on the mouse pubertal prostate development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male Blb\/C mice were castrated, and various amounts of the androgen were implanted before puberty. The dosage\u2010dependent effect of the androgen on pubertal prostate development was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mouse prostate development was initiated at the age of 30 days when testosterone reached 550\u2009pg\/mL and completed at the age of 60 days when testosterone reached 1,000\u2009pg\/mL. The minimal serum testosterone level (800\u2009pg\/mL) was required for full development of the prostate. Androgen implantation, before the start of puberty, resulted in a high serum testosterone level (1200\u2009pg\/mL), equivalent to that of the physiological adult level, that induced a prostatic epithelial hyperplasia phenotype with an enlarged prostate gland. The high levels of androgen increased epithelial cell proliferation and expression of the androgen receptor\u2010target genes in the pubertal prostate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research provides an important insight into the androgen's effect on prostate development through puberty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.70242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:57:22Z","timestamp":1788501442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adult Levels of Testosterone Induce Prostatic Epithelial Hyperplasia During Mouse Prostate Development Through Puberty"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0264-4696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D'Netria","family":"Bledsoe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences Clark Atlanta University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7721-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences Clark Atlanta University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.k09e-185"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-026-02676-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315695"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-8-1-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66749-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2022.114090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.11.0369"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2008.00292.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-5326-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14030239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411299"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704940104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2415fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506x(77)90048-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.129132"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.1044","article-title":"High\u2010Grade Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia Shares Cytogenetic Alterations With Invasive Prostate Cancer","volume":"47","author":"Alcaraz A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00953-5","article-title":"Histological Markers of Risk and the Role of High\u2010Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia","volume":"57","author":"Sakr W. 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