{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:38:36Z","timestamp":1792525116348,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01DK124067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DK124067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms are strongly associated with chronic prostate inflammation and stromal remodeling, yet the stromal cell programs that emerge during inflammatory, nodular remodeling remain incompletely defined. A\n Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n infection model produces persistent inflammation and nodular formations, providing an experimentally tractable system to map inflammation\u2010linked stromal states.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We performed single\u2010cell RNA sequencing of prostates from control and chronically infected male CBA\/J mice harvested at 28 days post\u2010infection (DPI). Stromal subset reprogramming was assessed by cluster\u2010resolved pseudobulk differential expression and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Stromal expansion and Cd52\n +<\/jats:sup>\n fibroblast subset changes were validated by whole\u2010section immunofluorescence at 28 and 60 DPI using a CellposeSAM\u2010based tissue cytometry pipeline. To assess human relevance, CD52\n +<\/jats:sup>\n fibroblasts were evaluated in FFPE human prostate sections by comparing inflamed versus non\u2010inflamed stromal regions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Whole\u2010prostate single\u2010cell profiling resolved stromal, epithelial, immune, and seminal vesicle compartments. Infection increased immune\u2010cell abundance and increased stromal representation among non\u2010immune cells (53.1% in controls to 69.0% in infected prostates). Stromal reclustering identified eight subsets, including a\n \n Cd52\n +<\/jats:sup>\n \/Ccl5\n +<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:italic>\n immune\u2010reactive fibroblast population that showed the strongest selective expansion during infection. Whole\u2010section imaging supported overall stromal expansion over time, and Cd52\n +<\/jats:sup>\n fibroblasts were higher during infection at 60 DPI (270% increase,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0507), whereas Cxcl13\n +<\/jats:sup>\n fibroblasts remained rare and stable across conditions. Pathway analysis indicated immune\u2010like stromal reprogramming during infection, with antigen\u2010presentation programs enriched in larger fibroblast subsets and interferon\/JAK\u2013STAT signaling most consistently concentrated in the\n \n Cd52\n +<\/jats:sup>\n \/Ccl5\n +<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subset. In human prostate tissue, CD52\n +<\/jats:sup>\n VIM\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD45\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n fibroblasts were significantly enriched in inflamed regions compared with paired non\u2010inflamed regions within the same specimen (paired Wilcoxon\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0026).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Chronic, pathogen\u2010driven inflammation produces selective, program\u2010specific stromal remodeling rather than uniform fibroblast activation. An interferon\u2010reactive Cd52\n +<\/jats:sup>\n fibroblast state expands during infection in mice and marks inflamed stromal microenvironments in human prostate, supporting discrete immune\u2010reactive fibroblast programs as a prominent feature of inflammation\u2010associated prostate remodeling.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.70262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:43:00Z","timestamp":1792521780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of Novel CD52\n +<\/sup>\n Fibroblasts in Nodular Prostatic Hyperplasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2958-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver R.","family":"Strobel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, & Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6866-8451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanyu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6120-1859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P.","family":"Ropa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0746-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Strand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis J.","family":"Jerde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, & Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4445-0375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Arrizabalaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"Prostate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) \u201cProstate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) \u201d updated September 2014 accessed May 23 2022."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"BPH: Epidemiology and Comorbidities","volume":"12","author":"McVary K. 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