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The monodispersed isoforms lack activity in the absence of calcium ions while both molecules gain activity in the presence of calcium ions. At concentrations higher than 10 mg\/ml, in the presence of calcium ions, they dimerize and lose activity again. The present study reports the crystal structure of a calcium\u2010induced dimer between two isoforms of cobra phospholipase A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. In the complex, one molecule contains a calcium ion in the calcium binding loop while the second molecule does not possess an intramolecular calcium ion. However, there are two calcium ions per dimer in the structure. The second calcium ion is present at an intermolecular site and that is presumably responsible for the dimerization. The calcium binding loops of the two molecules adopt strikingly different conformations. The so\u2010called calcium binding loop in the calcium\u2010containing molecule adopts a normal conformation as generally observed in other calcium containing phospholipase A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> enzymes while the conformation of the corresponding loop in the calcium free monomer deviates considerably with the formation of a unique intraloop Gly33 (N)\uf8ffCys27 (O) = 2.74 \u00c5 backbone hydrogen bond. The interactions of Arg31 (B) with Asp49 (A) and absence of calcium ion are responsible for the loss of catalytic activity in molecule A while interactions of Arg2 (B) with Tyr52 (B) inactivate molecule B. Proteins 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.20464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,12]],"date-time":"2005-04-12T22:16:32Z","timestamp":1113344192000},"page":"856-863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Crystal structure of a calcium\u2010induced dimer of two isoforms of cobra phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub> at 1.6 \u00c5 resolution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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