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It aggregates into \u03b2\u2010sheet\u2010rich fibrils, occurs in helical membrane\u2010bound forms, is disordered as a free monomer, and has recently been suggested to have a folded helical tetramer as its main physiological form. Here, we use implicit solvent all\u2010atom Monte Carlo methods to explore the conformational ensemble sampled by the free \u03b1S monomer. We analyze secondary structure propensities, size, and topological properties and compare with existing experimental data. Our study suggests that free \u03b1S has two distinct phases. One phase has the expected disordered character. The other phase also shows large conformational variability. However, in this phase, the \u03b2\u2010strand content is substantial, and the backbone fold shows statistical similarities with that in \u03b1S fibrils. Presence of this phase is consistent with data from low\u2010temperature experiments. Conversion of disordered \u03b1S to this fibril\u2010like form requires the crossing of a rather large apparent free\u2010energy barrier. Proteins \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.24107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]],"date-time":"2012-05-02T12:32:16Z","timestamp":1335961936000},"page":"2169-2177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Distinct phases of free \u03b1\u2010synuclein\u2014A Monte Carlo study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Sigur\u00f0ur 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