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A hypothesis is tested here that rapamycin treatment of mice approaching the end of their normal lifespan exhibits increased survival, enhanced expression of autophagic proteins; and klotho protein\u2014a biomarker of aging that affects whole organism senescence, and systemic suppression of inflammatory mediator production. Test groups of 24\u2010month\u2010old C57BL mice were injected intraperitoneally with either 1.5\u2009mg\/kg\/week rapamycin or vehicle. All mice administered rapamycin survived the 12\u2010week course, whereas 43% of the controls died. Relative to controls, rapamycin\u2010treated mice experienced minor but significant weight loss; moreover, nonsignificant trends toward decreased levels of leptin, IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b1, and IGF\u20101, along with slight elevations in VEGF, MCP\u20101 were observed in the blood serum of rapamycin\u2010treated mice. Rapamycin\u2010treated mice exhibited significantly enhanced autophagy and elevated expression of klotho protein, particularly in the kidney. Rapamycin treatment also increased cardiomyocyte Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010sensitivity and enhanced the rate constant of force re\u2010development, which may also contribute to the enhanced survival rate in elderly mice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.1091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T01:09:22Z","timestamp":1684199362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Rapamycin treatment increases survival, autophagy biomarkers and expression of the anti\u2010aging klotho protein in elderly mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6254-524X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kitti","family":"Sz\u0151ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Debrecen  Debrecen 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