{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:49:05Z","timestamp":1785412145295,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000102","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 TOBHP30010\u201001\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 TOBHP30010\u201001\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology Res &amp; Perspec"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opioids are often prescribed to treat chronic pain ailments, despite lack of evidence for many conditions. Prescriptions frequently become the gateway to opioid misuse and abuse. In response to the opioid crisis, medical school educators in the state of Pennsylvania developed core competencies pertaining to opioids and addiction for which all medical students should demonstrate proficiency before graduation. To enable students to achieve these competencies, we developed a web\u2010based app (IPEx) that delivers a gamified experience for learners in which they are (re)exposed to opioid competencies and practice applying pharmacologic principles in the context of a series of longitudinal patient scenarios. Learning and application are measured by student responses to application questions before and after each of five modules. Prior to launching the IPEx tool broadly, we wished to test the application questions; thus, we invited fourth year medical students to complete a 45 question quiz based on IPEx module content. Students had no specific preparation prior to taking the quiz but had been exposed to all content elsewhere in the curriculum. A total of 45 of 141 medical students (32%) opted to complete the quiz (mean score was 47%\u2009\u00b1\u200913%; range 18%\u201373%). Cronbach alpha for the instrument was .74. These results suggest that the instrument has internal validity, and medical students have room for growth when it comes to application of opioid related competencies, a situation that the IPEx tool may be uniquely suited to remedy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.1141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T04:26:12Z","timestamp":1695875172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>IPEx<\/scp>: A gamification tool for learner application of pharmacologic principles of opioid use, misuse, and addiction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0002-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Karpa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine  Johnson City Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josie","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine  Johnson City Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Stegman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Institute College of Art  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shou Ling","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S351096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"A Qualitative Assessment of Circumstances Surrounding Drug Overdose Deaths During the Early Stages of the COVID\u201019 Pandemic","author":"Tanz LJ","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:112340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw348"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"AshburnM.Prevention and management of prescription drug misuse and abuse. Pennsylvania Medical Students Core Competencies. June 17 2020. 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