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While concerns about respiratory infections in immunosuppressed patients exist, contradictory data emerged during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, prompting investigations into CsA's impact on viral infections. This study explores CsA's antiviral effects on SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Omicron BA.1, Delta variants, and human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) using an ex\u00a0vivo model of human airway epithelium (HAE). CsA exhibited a dose\u2010dependent antiviral effect against the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Delta variant, reducing viral load over 10\u2009days. However, no significant impact was observed against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Omicron or HPIV3, indicating a virus\u2010specific effect. At high concentrations, CsA was associated with an increase of IL\u20108 and a decrease of IFN\u03bb expression in infected and noninfected HAE. This study highlights the complexity of CsA's antiviral mechanisms, more likely involving intricate inflammatory pathways and interactions with specific viral proteins. The research provides novel insights into CsA's effects on respiratory viruses, emphasizing the need for understanding drug\u2013virus interactions in optimizing therapeutic approaches for transplant recipients and advancing knowledge on immunosuppressive treatments' implications on respiratory viral infections. Limitations include the model's inability to assess T lymphocyte activation, suggesting the necessity for further comprehensive studies to decipher the intricate dynamics of immunosuppressive treatments on respiratory viral infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.1242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T06:54:27Z","timestamp":1725000867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of cyclosporin A on respiratory viral replication in fully differentiated ex\u00a0vivo human airway epithelia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2659-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Bondeelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epithelix  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Constant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epithelix  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Cl\u00e9ment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maud","family":"Salmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pital Saint Louis  Paris France"},{"name":"Inserm U976, Insight team Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Le Goff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pital Saint Louis  Paris France"},{"name":"Inserm U976, Insight team Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Geneva University Hospitals University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"ECSTRRA Team Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, UMR 1153 CRESS  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Tapparel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"679","article-title":"Respiratory viral infections in transplant recipients","volume":"8","author":"Liu C","year":"2018","journal-title":"Princip Pract Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Guidance on the management of transplant recipients diagnosed with or suspected of having COVID19 British Tranplantation Society.https:\/\/bts.org.uk\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Clinical\u2010management\u2010of\u2010transplants\u2010and\u2010immunosuppression\u2010updated\u201024th\u2010April\u2010FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2665-9913(21)00325-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9080192"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15031023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2022.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2003.00024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202108-1830LE"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-3026(19)30256-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108959"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.Atv.0000094234.60166.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02484-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.1159"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology Research &amp; 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