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Each of 2 pools of 70 female rats were randomly allotted into 10 groups of 7 animals each and treated as follows: Group 1: normal saline (10\u00a0mL\/kg); Group 2: normal saline andDOX<\/jats:styled-content>(40\u00a0mg\/kg)\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>(20\u00a0mg\/kg) alone; Group 3: gallic acid (200\u00a0mg\/kg) andDOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>; Group 4: carvedilol (0.075\u00a0mg\/kg) andDOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>; Group 5: carvedilol (0.15\u00a0mg\/kg) andDOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>; Group 6: carvedilol (0.30\u00a0mg\/kg) andDOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>; Group 7: diltiazem (3.43\u00a0mg\/kg) andDOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>; Group 8: diltiazem (3.43\u00a0mg\/kg), carvedilol (0.15\u00a0mg\/kg), andDOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>; Group 9: prednisolone (0.57\u00a0mg\/kg) andDOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>; and Group 10: prednisolone (0.57\u00a0mg\/kg), carvedilol (0.15\u00a0mg\/kg), andDOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>. Treatments were done p.o. for 16\/14\u00a0days for theDOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>models.DOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>was administered i.p. to the rats in Groups 2\u201010 on day 14\/10\u201014. On day 17\/15 (DOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>), blood samples were collected, and liver and kidneys of rats were harvested for antioxidant and histopathological assessments. Carvedilol alone and coadministered with prednisolone significantly (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.05) decreased alanine aminotransferase level compared with administration ofDOX<\/jats:styled-content>alone. Carvedilol alone and coadministered with diltiazem significantly (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.05) decreased creatinine level compared with administration ofDOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>alone. Carvedilol alone and coadministered with diltiazem and prednisolone significantly (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.05) increased the level of hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase, and decreased malondialdehyde compared withDOX<\/jats:styled-content>administration alone. Histopathological observations correlated with results of biochemical and antioxidant analyses. Carvedilol administered alone and coadministered with diltiazem and prednisolone reduced the effect ofDOX<\/jats:styled-content>\/5\u2010FU<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced hepatic and renal toxicities due to enhanced in\u00a0vivo antioxidant activity. The protective effect was more prominent in the doxorubicin model compared with the 5\u2010fluorouracil test. Coadministration of carvedilol with either diltiazem or prednisolone did not show better protection relative to carvedilol alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,13]],"date-time":"2018-01-13T09:40:50Z","timestamp":1515836450000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Protective effect of carvedilol alone and coadministered with diltiazem and prednisolone on doxorubicin and 5\u2010fluorouracil\u2010induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9007-0437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abidemi J.","family":"Akindele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Therapeutics and Toxicology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel 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