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Therapeutic drug monitoring (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDM<\/jats:styled-content>) is acknowledged as an important part of the vancomycin therapy management, at least in specific patient subpopulations, but implementation in clinical practice has been difficult because there are no consensus and agglutinator documents. The aims of the present work are to present an overview of the current knowledge on vancomycin<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDM<\/jats:styled-content>and population pharmacokinetic (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPK<\/jats:styled-content>) models relevant to specific patient subpopulations. Based on three published international guidelines (American, Japanese and Chinese) on vancomycin<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDM<\/jats:styled-content>and a bibliographic review on available<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPK<\/jats:styled-content>models for vancomycin in distinct subpopulations, an analysis of evidence was carried out and the current knowledge on this topic was summarized. The results of this work can be useful to redirect research efforts to address the detected knowledge gaps. Currently,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDM<\/jats:styled-content>of vancomycin presents a moderate level of evidence and practical recommendations with great robustness in neonates, pediatric and patients with renal impairment. However, it is important to investigate in other subpopulations known to present altered vancomycin pharmacokinetics (eg neurosurgical, oncological and cystic fibrosis patients), where evidence is still unsufficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T05:56:14Z","timestamp":1535608574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring and population pharmacokinetic models in special patient subpopulations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1635-8811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim F.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP) Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7adas em Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias da Sa\u00fade (IINFACTS) Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (IUCS) Gandra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siomara R.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas Curso de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF) Passo Fundo Brasil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Departamento de Ci\u00eancias do Medicamento Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP) Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Departamento de Ci\u00eancias do Medicamento Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP) Porto Portugal"},{"name":"I3S Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6705-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Fresco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Departamento de Ci\u00eancias do Medicamento Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP) Porto Portugal"},{"name":"I3S Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp080434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-013-0599-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw254"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-1146-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365540903413614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-012-9614-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2006.044727"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.4212\/cjhp.v65i3.1140","article-title":"Development and validation of a novel vancomycin dosing nomogram for achieving high\u2010target trough levels at 2 canadian teaching hospitals","volume":"65","author":"Thalakada R","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. 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