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To date, inhalant abuse research has primarily focused on the central nervous system; however, inhalants also exert effects on other organ systems and processes, including metabolic function and energy balance. Adolescent inhalant abuse is characterized by a negative energy balance phenotype, with the peak period of abuse overlapping with the adolescent growth spurt. There are multiple components within the central and peripheral regulation of energy balance that may be affected by adolescent inhalant abuse, such as impaired metabolic signaling, decreased food intake, altered dietary preferences, disrupted glucose tolerance and insulin release, reduced adiposity and skeletal density, and adrenal hypertrophy. These effects may persist into abstinence and adulthood, and the long\u2010term consequences of inhalant\u2010induced metabolic dysfunction are currently unknown. The signs and symptoms resulting from chronic adolescent inhalant abuse may result in a propensity for the development of adult\u2010onset metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, however, further research investigating the long\u2010term effects of inhalant abuse upon energy balance and metabolism are needed. This review addresses several aspects of the short\u2010 and long\u2010term effects of inhalant abuse relating to energy and metabolic processes, including energy balance, intake and expenditure; dietary preferences and glycemic control; and the dysfunction of metabolic homeostasis through altered adipose tissue, bone, and hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal axis function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T12:20:01Z","timestamp":1564489201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The effect of adolescent inhalant abuse on energy balance and growth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1814-1330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose","family":"Crossin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville VIC"},{"name":"Turning Point, Eastern Health Richmond VIC"},{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University Box Hill VIC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8871-892X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Qama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville VIC"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9097-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zane B.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University Clayton VIC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville VIC"},{"name":"Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne Parkville VIC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jhodie R.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville VIC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","volume-title":"Policy Position \u2010 Inhalants","author":"Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","volume-title":"National Directions on Inhalant Abuse","author":"Victorian Department of Human Services","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","unstructured":"United States National Library of Medicine.Household products database;2019. 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