{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:56:36Z","timestamp":1792133796081,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004935","name":"S\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TSG\u20102023\u20109092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSG\u20102023\u20109092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004935","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology Res &amp; Perspec"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>There has been scarce research on the potential neuroprotective effects of remifentanil (REM) in septic individuals. We aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of REM in LPS\u2010induced neuroinflammation. Thirty\u2010two rats were randomly divided to control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS\u2009+\u2009REM, and REM groups. Depending on the group, 4\u2009h after intraperitoneal administration of LPS or saline, REM or saline was infused intravenously for 40\u2009min. Following the sacrification, blood samples and brain tissues were collected for analysis. Brain tissues (prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, caspase\u20103 (Cas\u20103), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1). Quantitative reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect claudin\u20105 (<jats:italic>CLDN5<\/jats:italic>), zonula occludens\u20101 (<jats:italic>ZO\u20101<\/jats:italic>), phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010kinase (<jats:italic>PI3K<\/jats:italic>), serine\u2013threonine protein kinase (<jats:italic>AKT<\/jats:italic>), and hypoxia\u2010inducible factor 1 alpha (<jats:italic>HIF\u20101\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) gene expression levels. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses showed that REM treatment improved LPS\u2010induced histological changes. REM does not reduce TOS and OSI levels or increase TAS levels, suggesting that it is ineffective through oxidative stress. LPS\u2010induced changes in gene expression levels (<jats:italic>PI3K<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>AKT<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>HIF\u20101\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>CLDN5<\/jats:italic>) were also reversed by REM. REM was found to prevent neuroinflammation, and apoptosis by restoring blood\u2013brain barrier, and regulating the <jats:italic>PI3K<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>AKT<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>HIF\u20101\u03b1<\/jats:italic> pathway. These findings suggest that REM is protective against neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T11:06:36Z","timestamp":1738580796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Remifentanil Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide\u2010Induced Neuroinflammation by Regulating the Phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010Kinase\/Serine\u2013Threonine Protein Kinase\/Hypoxia\u2010Inducible Factor 1 Alpha Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0385-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa Soner","family":"\u00d6zcan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine Suleyman Demirel University  Isparta T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halil","family":"A\u015fc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Suleyman Demirel University  Isparta T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"Karabacak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine Suleyman Demirel University  Isparta T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyy\u00fcp Sabri","family":"\u00d6zden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine Suleyman Demirel University  Isparta T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orhan Berk","family":"\u0130meci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Suleyman Demirel University  Isparta T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"\u00d6zmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University  Burdur T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2016.0287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2022.929316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1812384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3013716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.LFS.2018.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26402\/JPP.2022.1.08"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13054\u2010016\u20101250\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13054\u2010022\u201003893\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201503066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13054\u2010020\u201003101\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11910\u2010013\u20100383\u2010Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753\u2010021\u201001501\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1969843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00540\u2010018\u20102548\u2010Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBRC.2017.06.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOPHA.2022.112628"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55782\/ANE\u20102024\u20102546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/SLEEP.2892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00266\u2010023\u201003450\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2023.152042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EJPHAR.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/KJAE.2011.61.5.358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456\u2010021\u201009796\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS221910701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11064\u2010024\u201004115\u2010X"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology Research &amp; 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