{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T03:59:47Z","timestamp":1780891187220,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology Res &amp; Perspec"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder; its incidence in childhood is 2.5 per 1000 children. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic drug with a broad spectrum of action used in localized and generalized epilepsies in both adults and children. Studies have shown adverse behavioral effects, such as somnolence, agitation, and nonpsychotic mood disorders in short\u2010term studies. The paucity of properly designed long\u2010term studies to determine the impact of LEV treatment in children encouraged us to analyze the long\u2010term effect of LEV in juvenile Wistar rats. The objective was to study the impact of LEV on cognition and behavior in juvenile rats. Six Wistar rats each were randomly allocated to: Group 1: Control\u2014Received 0.9% NaCl at a dose of 10\u2009mL\/kg body weight; 2: Received LEV 200\u2009mg\/kg dose; 3: Received LEV 400\u2009mg\/kg dose. All drugs were administered once daily orally for 21\u2009days, starting from the third postnatal week to the sixth postnatal week. Compared with the control group, both the 200\u2009mg\/kg and 400\u2009mg\/kg LEV\u2010treated groups subjected to behavioral paradigms did not decrease learning and memory. Histopathological examination revealed a significant decrease in neuronal density in the dentate gyrus, hippocampus, and frontal cortex in both the 200\u2009mg\/kg and 400\u2009mg\/kg LEV\u2010treated groups compared with the control group. Although LEV remains a valuable antiepileptic agent, this study highlights the importance of cautious dosing and vigilant monitoring, especially in the long\u2010term use of LEV, as histopathological findings revealed a dose\u2010dependent decrease in the neuronal count.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.70226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:08:45Z","timestamp":1772996925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Levetiracetam in Juvenile Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9186-8846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheetal D.","family":"Ullal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashima G.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Jubliee Mission Medical College  Thrissur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0968-6195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahana Devadasa","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Blossom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2414-0457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajeshwari","family":"Shastry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18236-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107472"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13101690"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-012-1758-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20420986221088419"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149686"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13849"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(91)90044-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11578-8_17"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Regular Rehearsal Helps in Consolidation of Long Term Memory","volume":"5","author":"Parle M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Behavioral Despair in Mice: Screening Test for Antidepressants","volume":"229","author":"Porsolt R. 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