{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:29:39Z","timestamp":1786685379876,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004621","name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["403001081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403001081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology Res &amp;amp; Perspec"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most prevalent adult\u2010onset movement disorders, which significantly impairs quality of life. So far, there are few therapeutic options with limited efficacy. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of baricitinib, a selective JAK1\/2 inhibitor, in the harmaline\u2010induced model of ET. Male Swiss mice were randomly assigned to five groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098): control, harmaline, and harmaline plus baricitinib at 10, 20, or 50\u2009mg\/kg doses. ET was induced using harmaline (10\u2009mg\/kg, i.p.). Baricitinib was administered orally daily for 14\u2009days. Assessments included behavioral tests and cerebellar gene expression analysis of inflammatory markers (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, NF\u2010\u03baB), neurotrophic factors (BDNF), ET\u2010related targets (Lingo\u20101, NMDA receptor), and histopathological evaluation. Baricitinib reduced harmaline\u2010induced tremor severity. The drug also significantly ameliorated anxiety\u2010like behaviors in elevated plus maze and open field tests, while reducing depressive\u2010like behavior in the tail suspension test. Passive avoidance outcomes changed in a direction suggestive of improved retention; however, the high\u2010dose findings should be interpreted cautiously because 50\u2009mg\/kg was associated with motor coordination impairment. Molecular analyses revealed baricitinib completely normalized cerebellar pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 and suppressed NF\u2010\u03baB expression. The drug restored BDNF levels and reduced Lingo\u20101 expression. Histopathological examination also suggested reduced Purkinje cell degeneration, with 20 and 50\u2009mg\/kg doses reducing Purkinje cell degeneration to control levels. Baricitinib reduced tremor and affective behaviors in a harmaline\u2010induced ET model, though gait abnormalities persisted. Cognitive benefits at lower doses were observed, with cautious interpretation required for the high dose due to motor effects. Molecular and histological analyses supported anti\u2010inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, indicating selective benefits via neuroinflammatory modulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.70299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T08:12:46Z","timestamp":1783671166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The\n                    <scp>JAK1<\/scp>\n                    \/2 Inhibitor Baricitinib Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and Symptoms in an Animal Model of Essential Tremor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6674-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehran","family":"Ilaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman 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Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7606-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Bagherzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3085-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynab","family":"Pirmoradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences  Torbat Heydariyeh 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