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The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of AZD4547, a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor (FGFRI), with a well\u2010characterized progestin, etonogestrel (ENG) using a validated in vivo mouse model of endometriosis. Endometriosis was induced by transplanting uterine fragments from donor mice in proestrus into the peritoneal cavity of recipient mice, which then developed into cyst\u2010like lesions. AZD4547 and ENG were administered systemically either from the day of endometriosis induction or 2\u2010weeks post\u2010surgery. After 20\u00a0days of treatment, the lesions were harvested; their size and weight were measured and analyzed histologically or by qRT\u2010PCR. Stage of estrous cycle was monitored throughout. Compared to vehicle, AZD4547 (25\u00a0mg\/kg) was most effective in counteracting lesion growth when treating from day of surgery and 2\u00a0weeks after; ENG (0.8\u00a0mg\/kg) was similarly effective in reducing lesion growth but only when administered from day of surgery. Each downregulated FGFR gene expression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). AZD4547 at all doses and ENG (0.008\u00a0mg\/kg) caused no disturbance to the estrous cycle. ENG at 0.08 and 0.8\u00a0mg\/kg was associated with partial or complete estrous cycle disruption and hyperemia of the uteri. AZD4547 and ENG both attenuated endometriotic lesion size, but only AZD4547 did not disrupt the estrous cycle, suggesting that targeting of FGFR is worthy of further investigation as a novel treatment for endometriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T07:28:36Z","timestamp":1617434916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["In vivo effects of AZD4547, a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor, in a mouse model of endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5344-1676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Santorelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD) School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science 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