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Male Wistar rats (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a010) were randomly assigned to receive a standard (lean) or obesity\u2010inducing diet (obese) for 12\u00a0weeks. Animals were euthanized, and alveolar macrophages and neutrophils from lean and obese animals were exposed to propofol (50\u00a0\u00b5M), active propofol component (50\u00a0\u00b5M, 2,6\u2010DIPPH), and lipid excipient (soybean oil, purified egg phospholipid, and glycerol) for 1\u00a0h. The primary outcome was IL\u20106 expression after propofol and its components exposure by alveolar macrophages extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The secondary outcomes were the production of mediators released by macrophages from adipose tissue, and neutrophils from lung and adipose tissues, and neutrophil migration. IL\u20106 increased after the exposure to both propofol (median [interquartile range] 4.14[1.95\u20135.20];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.04) and its active component (2,6\u2010DIPPH) (4.09[1.67\u20135.91];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.04) in alveolar macrophages from obese animals. However, only 2,6\u2010DIPPH increased IL\u201010 expression (7.59[6.28\u201312.95];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.001) in adipose tissue\u2010derived macrophages. Additionally, 2,6\u2010DIPPH increased C\u2010X\u2010C chemokine receptor 2 and 4 (CXCR2 and CXCR4, respectively) in lung (10.08[8.23\u201329.01];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.02; 1.55[1.49\u20133.43];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.02) and adipose tissues (8.78[4.15\u201311.57];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.03; 2.86[2.17\u20133.71];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.01), as well as improved lung\u2010derived neutrophil migration (28.00[\u22123.42 to 45.07];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.001). In obesity, the active component of propofol affected both the M1 and M2\u00a0markers as well as neutrophils in both alveolar and adipose tissue cells, suggesting that lipid excipient may hinder the effects of active propofol.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T01:27:32Z","timestamp":1634088452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Luciana Boavista Barros","family":"Heil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Ferreira","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Alves","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassia Lisboa","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lais Costa","family":"Agra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca Madureira","family":"Bose Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraia Carvalho","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Pelosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics University of Genoa Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care San Martino Policlinico Hospital \u2013 IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences University of Genoa Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5838-4949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Leme","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1412-7136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia Rieken Macedo","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 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