{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:11:40Z","timestamp":1791515500190,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014717","name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012247","name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20XD1403400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20XD1403400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology Res &amp; Perspec"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Structurally, botulinum toxin type A (BTX\u2010A) is composed of neurotoxin and nontoxic complexing proteins (CPs), and the neurotoxin has the function of blocking acetylcholine release from the neuromuscular junction and therefore paralyzing muscles. Nowadays, a novel botulinum toxin A free of CPs (chinbotulinumtoxin A, A\/Chin) is produced, and the present study comprehensively evaluated the dynamic paralytic effect of A\/Chin on the gastrocnemius muscle of rats. Different doses (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 U) of A\/Chin and other BTX\u2010As with and without CPs were administered to the gastrocnemius muscles of rats and muscle strength was measured and compared at different postinjection timepoints (from day 0 to 84). With the dose increased, time\u2010to\u2010peak paralytic effect of other BTX\u2010As varied from day 3 to day 14, while A\/Chin groups showed rapid and steady time to peak on day 3. At the lowest dose of 0.01 U, A\/Chin showed significantly better peak paralytic effect than the others on day 3. When the dose increased to 0.5 U and more, A\/Chin group also showed significant paralytic effect when the paralytic effect of other BTX\u2010As was worn off. Moreover, the paralytic effect of A\/Chin was confirmed as muscle atrophy while hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining was performed. In conclusion, compared with other BTX\u2010As, A\/Chin showed rapid and steady time\u2010to\u2010peak paralytic effect and long\u2010term paralytic efficacy at the same dose level. And it might lay a solid foundation for further wide application of A\/Chin in both clinical and cosmetic areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:23:07Z","timestamp":1651191787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamic muscle paralytic effects of a novel botulinum toxin A free of neurotoxin\u2010associated proteins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Wu\u2010chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center) School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1264-4359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun\u2010hui","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Shanghai Tongji Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Neurotoxin Research Center School of Medicine Tongji University Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Shanghai Tongji Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue\u2010rui","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Shanghai Tongji Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Neurotoxin Research Center School of Medicine Tongji University Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010zhen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Shanghai Tongji Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Shanghai Tongji Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Shanghai Tongji Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010yu","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Shanghai Tongji Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue\u2010ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxin Preparation Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. Center for Gansu Provincial Vaccine Engineering Research  Lanzhou Gansu Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling\u2010jing","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center) School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Neurotoxin Research Center School of Medicine Tongji University Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257\u2010020\u201000532\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20101331.2011.03559.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12060393"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000163767.99354.C3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702\u2010005\u20100323\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S138489"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072\u2010015\u20102291\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002402"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0B013E3181692735"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702\u2010011\u20100719\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253823"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1214270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2014.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010016\u20108136\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009444"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14010044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/BTT.S65603"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2003.08.001"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology Research &amp; Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/prp2.955","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/prp2.955","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/prp2.955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T09:08:12Z","timestamp":1772960892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/prp2.955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/prp2.955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/prp2.955","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-1707","2052-1707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-1707","type":"print"},{"value":"2052-1707","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00955"}}