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The eggs of the host enclosing the parasitoid pupae received direct pesticide sprays, while the adults of the parasitoid were exposed to the pesticides through contact with residues on sprayed eggs offered to parasitism. Alpha\u2010cypermethrin, carbosulfan, deltamethrin, endosulfan, profenofos and zeta\u2010cypermethrin were highly noxious to the parasitoid, significantly reducing the percentage of emergence and parasitism of <jats:italic>T. pretiosum<\/jats:italic> developing in <jats:italic>E. kuehniella<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S. cerealella<\/jats:italic> eggs. However, the pupal stage of the parasitoid developing in <jats:italic>S. cerealella<\/jats:italic> eggs was less susceptible to alpha\u2010cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Lufenuron and metamidophos greatly reduced the percentage of adult emergence from eggs of both hosts, while novaluron only interfered on this variable when the wasps were developing in <jats:italic>E. kuehniella<\/jats:italic> eggs. However, lufenuron and monocrotophos had no effect on the parasitoid pupae of <jats:italic>T. pretiosum<\/jats:italic> developing in <jats:italic>E. kuehniella<\/jats:italic> eggs. Chlorfluazuron, diafenthiuron, diflubenzuron, fentin hydroxide, mepiquat chloride, novaluron, thiacloprid and triflumuron did not affect <jats:italic>T. pretiosum<\/jats:italic> emergence when eggs of <jats:italic>S. cerealella<\/jats:italic> enclosing pupae of the wasps were surface treated. The pesticides azoxystrobin, carbendazin + thiram, mepiquat chloride and novaluron had no effect on the ability of the wasps to parasitise <jats:italic>E. kuehniella<\/jats:italic> eggs. However, only mepiquat chloride did not affect the percentage of F<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> wasps emerging from <jats:italic>E. kuehniella<\/jats:italic> eggs. The remaining pesticides moderately reduced the percentage of emergence and parasitism of the wasps when they had contact with the chemicals during their pupal or adult stage. Thus there were differences in pesticide toxicity according to the host used for parasitoid development. These differences were hypothesised to occur because of differences in egg morphology and parasitoid performance. Copyright \u00a9 2005 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,24]],"date-time":"2005-11-24T11:47:08Z","timestamp":1132832828000},"page":"91-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Selectivity of pesticides used on cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum<\/i>) to <i>Trichogramma pretiosum<\/i> reared on two laboratory\u2010reared hosts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Cristina S","family":"Bastos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raul P","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio A","family":"Suinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"29","volume-title":"O Agroneg\u00f3cio do Algod\u00e3o no Brasil","author":"Dos Santos RF","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","volume-title":"The Trichogramma Manual","author":"Knutson A","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.01.010156.002155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.492"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.41.010196.002111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids","author":"Hassan SA","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Distribution of parasitism by Trichogramma pretiosum on the cotton leafworm","volume":"11","author":"De Almeida RP","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Exp Appl Entomol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Cotton insect pest control on a small farm: an approach of successful biological control using Trichogramma","volume":"12","author":"De Almeida RP","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Exp Appl Entomol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1519-566X2004000300001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","unstructured":"BastosCS SuinagaFA Ara\u00fajoDEB MenezesVL MirandaJEandde AlmeidaRP Potential use ofTrichogramma pretiosumas a tool to the cotton IPM in Mato Grosso Brazil.XX Congr Bras Entomol p.266(2004)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids","author":"Grenier S","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Trichogramma e o Controle Biol\u00f3gico Aplicado","author":"Parra JRP","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"De AlmeidaRP Biotecnologia de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Massal de Trichogramma spp. Atrav\u00e9s do Hospedeiro AlternativoSitotroga cerealella. 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