{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:46:30Z","timestamp":1790909190757,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,14]],"date-time":"2009-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> In 2004, field isolates of <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic> Pers. ex Fr., resistant to strobilurin fungicides (QoIs), were first found in commercial citrus orchards in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Subsequently, QoI\u2010resistant isolates of this fungus were also detected in plastic strawberry greenhouses in Saga, Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures, Japan. Biological and molecular characterisation of resistant isolates was conducted in this study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> QoI\u2010resistant isolates of <jats:italic>B. cinerea<\/jats:italic> grew well on PDA plates containing kresoxim\u2010methyl or azoxystrobin at 1 mg L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, supplemented with 1 m<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> of <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010propyl gallate, an inhibitor of alternative oxidase, whereas the growth of sensitive isolates was strongly suppressed. Results from this <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> test were in good agreement with those of fungus inoculation tests <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. In resistant isolates, the mutation at amino acid position 143 of the cytochrome <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> gene, known to be the cause of high QoI resistance in various fungal pathogens, was found, but only occasionally. The heteroplasmy of cytochrome <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> gene was confirmed, and the wild\u2010type sequence often present in the majority of resistant isolates, indicating that the proportion of mutated cytochrome <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> gene was very low.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold> The conventional RFLP and sequence analyses of PCR\u2010amplified cytochrome <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> gene are insufficient for molecular identification of QoI resistance in <jats:italic>B. cinerea<\/jats:italic>. Copyright \u00a9 2009 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,14]],"date-time":"2009-05-14T04:14:59Z","timestamp":1242274499000},"page":"916-922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Characterisation of QoI\u2010resistant field isolates of <i>Botrytis cinerea<\/i> from citrus and strawberry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Hideo","family":"Ishii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Fountaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Hsin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Kansako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhito","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiyo","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527611249.ch29"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pest.2000.2506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO.2001.91.12.1166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds IV","author":"Collina M","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2003.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO.2003.93.7.891"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds IV","author":"Fraaije BA","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"249","article-title":"Occurrence of strobilurin\u2010resistant Botrytis cinerea, pathogen of citrus grey mold (abstract in Japanese)","volume":"71","author":"Kansako M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn J Phytopathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3186\/jjphytopath.70.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3186\/jjphytopath.74.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"260","article-title":"Glasshouse selection of strobilurin\u2010resistant isolates in strawberry powdery mildew (abstract in Japanese)","volume":"72","author":"Ozeki F","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jpn J Phytopathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"FountaineJM IshiiH UchidaK InadaM TanahashiM TakedaT et al Development of QoI resistant alleles in populations of strawberry powdery mildew.Abstr 11th IUPAC Internat Cong Pestic Chem:131 (2006)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-006-0008-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.565"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1526-4998(200010)56:10<833::AID-PS200>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0032-0862.2001.00650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-97-11-1458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002940000147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"254","article-title":"Heteroplasmy and its role in QoI resistant field isolates of Botrytis cinerea (abstract)","volume":"73","author":"Fountaine JM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn J Phytopathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"QoI fungicide resistance: current status and the problems associated with DNA\u2010based monitoring","volume":"90","author":"Ishii H","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Plant Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Synergism between strobilurin fungicides and cyanide\u2010resistant respiration inhibitor n\u2010propyl gallate. 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