{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:25:58Z","timestamp":1791267958749,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,4]],"date-time":"2009-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Anticoagulant rodenticides are commonly used to control rodent pests all over the world. These pesticides inhibit one enzyme of the vitamin K cycle,\n                    <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and thus prevent blood clotting and cause death by haemorrhage. Resistance to anticoagulants was first observed in Scotland in 1958, and more potent anticoagulants have been developed to overcome this obstacle. Unfortunately, these chemicals are very toxic and cannot be used everywhere. Some authors have shown that resistance to anticoagulants seems closely linked with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the\n                    <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study draws a map of SNP and haplotypes found in\n                    <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>\n                    in rats from different areas of France. Some of them had never been described before. Moreover, the Y139F mutation, described previously in France and Belgium, is the most frequent in France. This mutation is known to be associated with a strong resistance to anticoagulants, and it was found in 28% of the samples.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This biomolecular approach to studying and detecting resistance is easier to carry out than the phenotypic approach measuring blood coagulation time because it can be conducted on biological samples from dead animals, and it is less dangerous for the operator. Copyright \u00a9 2009 Society of Chemical Industry\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,4]],"date-time":"2009-11-04T09:10:25Z","timestamp":1257325825000},"page":"270-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Distribution of VKORC1 single nucleotide polymorphism in wild\n                    <i>Rattus norvegicus<\/i>\n                    in France"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Agnes","family":"Grandemange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Lasseur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Longin\u2010Sauvageon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Benoit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Berny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(90)90072-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/188517a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.176.4041.1343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"331","article-title":"Resistance to warfarin of the brown rat Rattus norvegicus in Germany","volume":"45","author":"Telle H","year":"1971","journal-title":"World Health Organ Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780020609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Warfarin resistance in the Netherlands","volume":"32","author":"Ophof A","year":"1969","journal-title":"Schriftenr Vet Wasser Boden Lufhyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"The resistance to anticoagulants","volume":"7","author":"Lund M","year":"1967","journal-title":"Dan Pest Infest Lab Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400070820"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400069370"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1989.50.04.546","article-title":"Determination of brodifacoum and bromadiolone residues in rodent and canine liver","volume":"50","author":"Ray AC","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"A study of the relationship between the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of the 4\u2010hydroxycoumarin anticoagulants warfarin, difenacoum and brodifacoum in the rabbit","volume":"84","author":"Breckenridge AM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brit J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063878900100118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-40.4.688"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-70962-6_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.559"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2005.5.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02254"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02214"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609401103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.3.1055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.5.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.040360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32832ee55b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1709"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"389","volume-title":"17th Steenbock Symp., Current Advances in Vitamin K Research","author":"Greaves JH","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(00)00018-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-10-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"25276","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of calumenin on the vitamin K\u2010dependent gamma\u2013carboxylation system. 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