{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:10:11Z","timestamp":1783127411132,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,13]],"date-time":"2010-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1278979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pest Management Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada"},{"name":"EcoSMART Technologies to MBI"},{"name":"EcoSafe Natural Products to CMM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> The obliquebanded leafroller, <jats:italic>Choristoneura rosaceana<\/jats:italic> Harris, and the cabbage looper, <jats:italic>Trichoplusia ni<\/jats:italic> H\u00fcbner, are serious fruit and vegetable pests requiring multiple insecticide applications per year. To reduce non\u2010target exposure to hazardous insecticides and to curb resistance development, alternative controls are required. Accordingly, a selection of 17 essential oils was screened against both lepidopteran pests, and the influence of azinphos\u2010methyl resistance on essential oil toxicity to <jats:italic>C. rosaceana<\/jats:italic> was studied.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Of the 17 essential oils screened, patchouli oil (<jats:italic>Pogostemon cablin<\/jats:italic> Benth.) and thyme oil (<jats:italic>Thymus vulgaris<\/jats:italic> L.) were selected for further testing against <jats:italic>C. rosaceana<\/jats:italic>, whereas patchouli oil, garlic oil (<jats:italic>Allium sativum<\/jats:italic> L.) and lemongrass oil (<jats:italic>Cymopogon nardus<\/jats:italic> L.) were selected for further testing against <jats:italic>T. ni<\/jats:italic>. LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> and LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values confirmed that patchouli oil was the most toxic to <jats:italic>C. rosaceana<\/jats:italic> larvae, with LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> = 2.8 \u00b5L mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> = 8.0 \u00b5g insect<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Garlic oil was the most toxic oil to <jats:italic>T. ni<\/jats:italic> larvae with LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> = 3.3 \u00b5L mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> = 22.7 \u00b5g insect<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, followed by patchouli oil and lemongrass oil. Azinphos\u2010methyl\u2010resistant leafrollers were 1.5\u2010fold more tolerant to patchouli oil and 2.0\u2010fold more tolerant to thyme oil.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> Based on these results, patchouli oil and other essential oils have sufficient efficacy to be considered as components of an essential oil\u2010based insecticide that targets these lepidopteran pests. Copyright \u00a9 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. 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