{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T19:49:09Z","timestamp":1787946549640,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]],"date-time":"2010-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>Spodoptera litura<\/jats:italic> (F.) is a polyphagous foliage insect and a major pest on peanut (<jats:italic>Arachis hypogaea<\/jats:italic> L.). Constitutive expression of \u03b4\u2010endotoxin Cry1EC gives protection against <jats:italic>S. litura<\/jats:italic>, as reported earlier. In this study, insect bites and salicylic acid induced high\u2010level expression of Cry1EC was achieved in peanut. In order to achieve this, the expression of pathogenesis responsive promoter <jats:italic>PR\u20101a<\/jats:italic> was enhanced by placing it downstream of the <jats:italic>CaMV35S<\/jats:italic> promoter in the pCAMBIA 1300 backbone. The resultant promoter <jats:italic>CaMV35S(r)PR\u20101a<\/jats:italic> expressed a high level of insecticidal \u03b4\u2010endotoxin Cry1EC. The Gus expression under the control of <jats:italic>CaMV35S(r)PR\u20101a<\/jats:italic> served as a convenient marker for evaluation of promoter response to different treatments.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Transgenic events that showed a very low level of uninduced expression and no expression in seeds were selected. The Cry1EC expression in leaves increased nearly eightfold in the selected event, following induction by salicylic acid. Both the salicylic\u2010acid\u2010treated and the <jats:italic>S. litura<\/jats:italic>\u2010bitten leaves showed the highest expression after 2 days. Leaves from salicylic\u2010acid\u2010induced transgenic plants caused 100% mortality of <jats:italic>S. litura<\/jats:italic> at all stages of larval development.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold> The results suggest that high expression of inducible promoters provides a good strategy for the development of safer transgenic food and feed crops. Copyright \u00a9 2010 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]],"date-time":"2010-10-27T12:45:56Z","timestamp":1288183556000},"page":"137-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Expression of \u03b4\u2010endotoxin Cry1EC from an inducible promoter confers insect protection in peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea<\/i> L.) plants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devesh K","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnappa","family":"Chandrasekhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradhyumna K","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Tuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"1495","article-title":"Genetic transformation of crop plants: risks and opportunities for the rural poor","volume":"80","author":"Sharma HC","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Groundnut breeding: constraints, achievements, and future possibilities","volume":"61","author":"Nigam SN","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plant Breed Abstr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1996.0011183X003600030072x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-006-0236-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(08)60801-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Molecular mapping and use of molecular markers","volume":"27","author":"Kochert G","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Am Peanut Res Edu Soc Inc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","first-page":"297","article-title":"Peanut breeding and genetic resources","volume":"22","author":"Holbrook CC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Breed Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01184927"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-005-0017-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","unstructured":"NesterEW ThomashowLS MetzMandGordonM 100 Years of Bacillus thuringiensis: A Critical Scientific Assessment. 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