{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T21:44:29Z","timestamp":1766267069947,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,4]],"date-time":"2011-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Developmental resistance, i.e. reduced virulence and speed of kill of late instars, is a limiting factor in the use of baculoviruses for caterpillar control.\n                    <jats:italic>Agrotis ipsilon<\/jats:italic>\n                    multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (\n                    <jats:italic>Agip<\/jats:italic>\n                    MNPV) is highly infective to young black cutworms,\n                    <jats:italic>Agrotis ipsilon<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but too slow\u2010acting against late instars for effective curative control on golf courses or sports fields. Chitin\u2010synthesis\u2010inhibiting fungicides containing the active ingredient polyoxin\u2010d are used to control fungal diseases in turfgrass, and similar compounds have been shown in the laboratory to synergize baculoviruses by disrupting peritrophic membrane function. This study tested whether applying the virus together with such a fungicide can synergize\n                    <jats:italic>Agip<\/jats:italic>\n                    MNPV activity against\n                    <jats:italic>A. ipsilon<\/jats:italic>\n                    in turfgrass.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The addition of a chitin synthesis inhibitor failed to increase\n                    <jats:italic>Agip<\/jats:italic>\n                    MNPV infectivity to\n                    <jats:italic>A. ipsilon<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the field. Rather, delayed and slightly reduced mortality from viral infection was seen when larvae fed on fungicide\/virus\u2010treated grasses as opposed to virus\u2010only treatments. Choice tests revealed the fungicide residues to be a mild feeding deterrent.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Because polyoxin\u2010d does not deactivate\n                    <jats:italic>Agip<\/jats:italic>\n                    MNPV, the two substances are compatible. However, combination applications of polyoxin\u2010d and\n                    <jats:italic>Agip<\/jats:italic>\n                    MNPV on turfgrass might interfere with larval ingestion of a lethal virus dose, resulting in prolonged larval feeding in the field. 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