{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:40:39Z","timestamp":1761061239604,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND: Common voles (<jats:italic>Microtus arvalis<\/jats:italic>) can cause enormous damage in agriculture. Tests were conducted using an alternative approach to rodenticide\u2010based vole management by developing an in\u2010soil odour repellent based on the secondary plant metabolite methyl nonyl ketone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MNK<\/jats:styled-content>). Replicated 25 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> plots were established in forage grassland to test efficacy and application schemes using a foam application that included <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MNK<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:  <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MNK<\/jats:styled-content> significantly reduced the number of reopened burrow entrances in all field trials compared with untreated control plots, with repeated application for 6 days reducing vole activity by up to 90%. The addition of black pepper oil (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPO<\/jats:styled-content>) did not enhance the efficacy of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MNK<\/jats:styled-content> foam. Voles tended to avoid burrows where <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MNK<\/jats:styled-content> was applied and rather opened new burrows instead of reopening the treated burrow entrances. The foam application scheme led to a repellent effect that lasted for about 4\u20135 days. A single additional application of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MNK<\/jats:styled-content> after 4 days can extend the treatment effects for a further 2 days.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSION: The results indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MNK<\/jats:styled-content> has the potential to repel common voles in the field. However, more studies are needed to enhance the duration of a one\u2010off treatment effect to yield a user\u2010friendly field application to manage vole populations. \u00a9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]],"date-time":"2012-10-15T05:36:44Z","timestamp":1350279404000},"page":"431-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Efficacy of methyl nonyl ketone as an in\u2010soil repellent for common voles (<i>Microtus arvalis<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn\u2010Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forestry Vertebrate Research  M\u00fcnster Germany"},{"name":"W. 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